Nia Simone – In Memory


Nina Simone (born February 21, 1933, Tryon, North Carolina, U.S.—died April 21, 2003, Carry-le-Rouet, France) American singer who created urgent emotional intensity by singing songs of love, protest, and Black empowerment in a dramatic style, with a rough-edged voice.

Simone at the 1986 Playboy Jazz Festival

precocious child, Simone played piano and organ in girlhood. She became sensitive to racism when at age 12 she gave a piano recital in a library where her parents had to stand in back because they were Black. A student of classical music at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City, she began performing as a pianist. Her vocal career began in 1954 in an Atlantic CityNew Jersey, nightclub when the club owner threatened to fire her unless she sang too. Her first album featured her distinctive versions of jazz and cabaret standards, including “I Loves You, Porgy,” which became a 1959 hit.

Source: britannica.com

Why the 19th Amendment Did Not Guarantee All Women the Right to Vote


Despite the adoption of the 19th Amendment, many women of color, immigrant women, and poorer women continued to face barriers at the polls.

Lesley Kennedy

With the certification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution on August 26, 1920, women secured the right to vote after a decades-long fight. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex,” it reads.

But while the passage of the 19th Amendment enabled most white women to vote, that wasn’t the case for many women of color.

“For Black women, their votes weren’t lifted by that tide in the South,” Christina Rivers, associate professor of political science at Depaul University, says. “Their votes were suppressed solely on the basis of race.”

Source: history.com

on this day … 3/23 1889 – U.S. President Harrison opened Oklahoma for white colonization.


1026 – Koenraad II crowned himself king of Italy.

1066 – The 18th recorded perihelion passage of Halley’s Comet took place.

1490 – The first dated edition of Maimonides “Mishna Torah” was published.

1657 – France and England formed an alliance against Spain.

1775 – American revolutionary Patrick Henry declared, “give me liberty, or give me death!”

1794 – Josiah G. Pierson patented a rivet machine.

1806 – Explorers Lewis and Clark, reached the Pacific coast, and began their return journey to the east.

1808 – Napoleon’s brother Joseph took the throne of Spain.

1835 – Charles Darwin reached Los Arenales, in the Andes.

1836 – The coin press was invented by Franklin Beale.

1839 – The first recorded printed use of “OK” [oll korrect] occurred in Boston’s Morning Post.

1840 – The first successful photo of the Moon was taken.

1848 – Hungary proclaimed its independence of Austria.

1857 – Elisha Otis installed the first modern passenger elevator in a public building. It was at the corner of Broome Street and Broadway in New York City.

1858 – Eleazer A. Gardner patented the cable streetcar.

1861 – John D. Defrees became the first Superintendent of the United States Government Printing Office.

1861 – London’s first tramcars began operations.

1868 – The University of California was founded in Oakland, CA.

1880 – John Stevens patented the grain crushing mill. The mill increased flour production by 70 percent.

1881 – The Boers and Britain signed a peace accord ending the first Boer war.

1881 – A gas lamp caused a fire in an opera house in Nice, France. 70 people were killed.

1889 – U.S. President Harrison opened Oklahoma for white colonization.

1901 – Dame Nellie Melba, revealed the secret of her now famous toast.

1901 – It was learned that Boers were starving in British concentration camps in South Africa.

1901 – Shots were fired at Privy Councilor Pobyedonostzev, who was considered to be Russia’s most hated man.

1902 – In Italy, the minimum legal working age was raised from 9 to 12 for boys and from 11 to 15 for girls.

1903 – The Wright brothers obtained an airplane patent.

1903 – U.S. troops were sent to Honduras to protect the American consulate during revolutionary activity.

1909 – British Lt. Shackleton found the magnetic South Pole.

1909 – Theodore Roosevelt began an African safari sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.

1910 – In the Canary Islands, women offered candidates for legislative elections.

1912 – The Dixie Cup was invented.

1917 – Austrian Emperor Charles I made a peace proposal to French President Poincare.

1917 – In the Midwest U.S., four tornadoes kill 211 people over a four day period.

1918 – Lithuania proclaimed independence.

1919 – Benito Mussolini founded his Fascist political movement in Milan, Italy.

1920 – Britain denounced the U.S. because of their delay in joining the League of Nations.

1920 – The Perserikatan Communist of India (PKI) political party was formed.

1921 – Arthur G. Hamilton set a new parachute record when he safely jumped from 24,400 feet.

1922 – The first airplane landed at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC.

1932 – In the U.S., the Norris-LaGuardia Act established workers’ right to strike.

1933 – The German Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act. The act effectively granted Adolf Hitler dictatorial legislative powers.

1934 – The U.S. Congress accepted the independence of the Philippines in 1945.

1936 – Italy, Austria & Hungary signed the Pact of Rome.

1937 – The L.A. Railway Co. started using PCC streetcars.

1940 – “Truth or Consequences” was heard on radio for the first time.

1942 – The Japanese occupy the Andaman Islands.

1942 – During World War II, the U.S. government began evacuating Japanese-Americans from West Coast homes to detention centers.

1950 – “Beat the Clock” premiered on CBS-TV.

1951 – U.S. paratroopers descended from flying boxcars in a surprise attack in Korea.

1956 – Pakistan became the first Islamic republic. It was still within the British Commonwealth.

1956 – Sudan became independent.

1957 – The U.S. Army sold the last of its homing pigeons.

1965 – America’s first two-person space flight took off from Cape Kennedy with astronauts Virgil I. Grissom and John W. Young aboard. The craft was the Gemini 3.

1965 – The Moroccan Army shot at demonstrators. About 100 people were killed.

1967 – Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. called the Vietnam War the biggest obstacle to the civil rights movement.

1970 – Mafia “Boss” Carlo Gambino was arrested for plotting to steal $3 million.

1972 – The U.S. called a halt to the peace talks on Vietnam being held in Paris.

1972 – Evel Knievel broke 93 bones after successfully jumping 35 cars.

1973 – The last airing of “Concentration” took place. The show had been on NBC for 15 years.

1980 – The deposed shah of Iran, Muhammad Riza Pahlavi, left Panama for Egypt.

1981 – U.S. Supreme Court upheld a law making statutory rape a crime for men but not women.

1981 – CBS Television announced plans to reduce “Captain Kangaroo” to a 30-minute show each weekday morning.

1983 – U.S. President Reagan first proposed development of technology to intercept enemy missiles. The proposal became known as the Strategic Defense Initiative and “Star Wars.”

1983 – Dr. Barney Clark died after 112 days with a permanent artificial heart.

1989 – A 1,000-foot diameter asteroid missed Earth by 500,000 miles.

1989 – Joel Steinberg was sentenced to 25 years for killing his adopted daughter.

1989 – Two electrochemists, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischman, announced that they had created nuclear fusion in a test tube at room temperature.

1990 – Former Exxon Valdez Captain Joseph Hazelwood was ordered to help clean up Prince William Sound and pay $50,000 in restitution for the 1989 oil spill.

1993 – U.N. experts announced that record ozone lows had been registered over a large area of the Western Hemisphere.

1994 – Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexico’s leading presidential candidate, was assassinated in Tijuana. Mario Aburto Martinez was arrested at the scene and confessed to the killing.

1994 – Wayne Gretzky broke Gordie Howe‘s National Hockey League (NHL) career record with his 802nd goal.

1994 – Howard Stern formally announced his Libertarian run for New York governor.

1996 – Taiwan held its first democratic presidential elections.

1998 – Germany’s largest bank pledged $3.1 million to Jewish foundations as restitution for Nazi looting.

1998 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that term limits for state lawmakers were constitutional.

1998 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin fired his Cabinet.

1998 – The movie “Titanic” won 11 Oscars at the Academy Awards.

1998 – The German company Bertelsmann AG agreed to purchase the American publisher Random House for $1.4 billion. The merger created the largest English-language book-publishing company in the world.

1999 – Paraguay’s Vice President Luis Maria Argana was shot to death by two gunmen.

1999 – NATO Secretary-General Javier Solana gave formal approval for air strikes against Serbian targets.

1999 – Near Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan, a bus fell into a fast-moving canal. Nine were confirmed dead, 31 were missing and presumed dead, and 20 were injured.

2001 – Russia’s orbiting Mir space station plunged into the South Pacific after its 15-years of use.