The federal government cannot directly “end” sanctuary cities due to constitutional protections under the Tenth Amendment and the anti-commandeering doctrine, which prevent forcing local governments to enforce federal immigration laws.

However, it can exert significant pressure through lawsuits, grant prioritization, and public shaming, as seen in 2025 actions by the DOJ and DHS. Success depends on the outcome of ongoing legal battles, the willingness of jurisdictions to resist, and public opinion. Some cities, like Louisville, have complied under pressure, but others, like Chicago and Seattle, remain defiant.

The issue is unlikely to resolve fully, as it reflects deep ideological divides over immigration, federalism, and public safety.

Future Supreme Court rulings could shift the balance, but as of August 2025, sanctuary cities retain significant autonomy to maintain their policies, albeit under increasing federal scrutiny

Conclusion

Future Supreme Court rulings could shift the balance by redefining the legal limits of federal authority versus local autonomy. Key issues include the constitutionality of 8 U.S.C. § 1373, the scope of federal funding conditions, and the status of ICE detainers. A ruling favoring federal power could weaken sanctuary cities by enabling funding cuts or mandating cooperation, while a ruling upholding local autonomy could entrench them. Given the Court’s current composition and the political climate as of August 2025, outcomes are uncertain but could significantly alter the sanctuary city debate, either empowering federal enforcement or solidifying local resistance. The exact impact would depend on the specifics of the case and the Court’s reasoning.

Source: Grok