The federal government cannot directly “end” sanctuary cities due to constitutional protections under the Tenth Amendment and the anti-commandeering doctrine, which prevent forcing local governments to enforce federal immigration laws.

However, it can exert significant pressure through lawsuits, grant prioritization, and public shaming, as seen in 2025 actions by the DOJ and DHS. Success depends on the outcome of ongoing legal battles, the willingness of jurisdictions to resist, and public opinion. Some cities, like Louisville, have complied under pressure, but others, like Chicago and Seattle, remain defiant.

The issue is unlikely to resolve fully, as it reflects deep ideological divides over immigration, federalism, and public safety.

Future Supreme Court rulings could shift the balance, but as of August 2025, sanctuary cities retain significant autonomy to maintain their policies, albeit under increasing federal scrutiny

Source: Grok