On January 30, 1956, an unidentified suspected white supremacist terrorist bombed the Montgomery home of Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. No one was harmed, but the explosion outraged the community and was a major test of King’s steadfast commitment to non-violence. King was …read more
The 1800 population census was the First Decennial Census of the United States. Taken every 10 years since 1790, census records provide a snapshot of the nation’s population.
Frequently Asked Questions About the 1800 Census
Why was the 1800 Census taken?
The U.S. Constitution was ratified September 17, 1787. Article I, Section 2, established that representation in the U.S. House of Representatives was based on population determined by a census taken at 10 year intervals: “The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they [Congress] shall by Law Direct.”
The law required “That every person whose usual place of abode shall be in any family on [August 4, 1800], shall be returned as of such family, and the name of every person, who shall be an inhabitant of any district or territory, but without a settled place of residence, shall be inserted in the column of the aforesaid schedule, which is allotted for the heads of families, in that division where he or she shall be on [August 4, 1800], and every person occasionally absent at the time of the enumeration, as belonging to that place in which he usually resides in the United States.”
Who was involved?
Secretaries of State John Marshall (1800-1801) and James Madison (1801-1809) had general supervision of census operations and tabulating and reporting the results to the President and Congress.
The U.S. Marshal for each Federal judicial district was responsible for taking the census in his district with the help of assistant marshals whom he appointed. Each took an oath or affirmation that “I will well and truly cause to be made, a just and perfect enumeration and description of all persons resident within my district or territory, and return the same to the Secretary of State, agreeably to the directions of an act of Congress, intitualed [sic, entitled], ‘An act providing for the enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States,’ according to the best of my ability.”
Every free person over age 16 was required to cooperate: “That each and every free person more than sixteen years of age, whether heads of families or not … shall be, and hereby is obligated to render to such assistant of the division, a true account, if required, to the best of his or her knowledge, of all and every person belonging to such family … on pain of forfeiting twenty dollars….”
What questions did the census ask?
Name of head of family
Number of free white males under 10 years of age
Number of free white males of 10 and under 16 years of age
Number of free white males of 16 and under 26 years of age
Number of free white males of twenty six and under 45 years of age
Number of free white males of 45 years of age and upwards
Number of free white females under 10 years of age
Number of free white females of 10 and under 16 years of age
Number of free white females of 16 and under 26 years of age
Number of free white females of twenty six and under 45 years of age
Number of free white females of 45 years of age and upwards
Number of all other free persons, except Indians, not taxed [free African-Americans]
These individuals challenge, criticize, and expose the actions and policies of governing authorities, mainstream institutions, and dominant media narratives through their reporting and writing. These journalists often operate under repressive regimes or in environments where freedom of the press is curtailed. Dissident journalists play a crucial role in advocating for transparency, accountability, and human rights by highlighting the experiences and struggles of marginalized communities and providing a platform for voices that are often ignored or silenced by mainstream media.[1] Engaging in dissident journalism can be dangerous, with practitioners facing censorship, imprisonment, harassment, and even death threats, yet many remain committed to their work despite these risks.
John T. Flynn and Westbrook Pegler are prominent examples of dissident journalists who made significant impacts through their fearless reporting and critique of prevailing political currents. Flynn was an American journalist and author who became a leading figure in the Old Right, advocating for limited government and non-interventionism. His notable works, such as “The Roosevelt Myth” and “While You Slept: Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It,” provided a critical examination of the New Deal and early American involvement in World War II, challenging mainstream political narratives. Pegler, on the other hand, was known for his syndicated columns in the mid-20th century, where he fiercely criticized labor unions, corrupt politicians, and what he perceived as the growing power of the federal government. Both journalists faced significant backlash for their views but remained influential voices in conservative and libertarian thought.
In the modern context, the internet and social media have provided new platforms for dissident journalism, allowing voices of dissent to reach global audiences despite local restrictions.
The role of dissident journalists in promoting accountability, advancing human rights, and inspiring political and social change remains as vital as ever.
Figures like Flynn and Pegler exemplify the courage and dedication required to challenge powerful interests and bring critical issues to public attention. Their legacy underscores the essential role of a free and independent press in a democratic society, highlighting the ongoing need for journalists who are willing to speak truth to power.
Gerber Products Company is recalling batches of Gerber Arrowroot Biscuits in Canada because of the potential presence of soft plastic and/or paper pieces that should not be consumed
** Left Coast Organics brand organic chia seeds have been recalled in Canada because of Salmonella contamination.https://t.co/Gpe8aNFPOU
Tri-Union Seafoods is cautioning consumers that a third-party distributor inadvertently released quarantined product that was associated with a February 2025 recall. The initial recall was conducted following notification from the
**
**IKM of San Jose, California is recalling the following cookware items because they may be contaminated with significant levels of lead (Pb) which may leach into food.No illnesses have been reported to date.
Consumers who have purchased the recalled products are urged to return them to the place of purchase for a full refund. Consumers with questions may contact the company at 1-650-695- 9009. Our operation hours are from 10:00 from 17:00 PST Mon-Fri, excluding national holidays.
– IKM Aluminum saucepan wooden handle 9” (56 pcs)
– A-cook Aluminum Kadai size 5 (43 pcs)
– Brass Tope (10 pcs)
– IKM 4-quart Pital brass pot (9 pcs)
** Navitas Organics is voluntarily recalling select lots of its 8oz Organic Chia Seeds due to possible Salmonella contamination. This recall is being conducted as a precautionary measure following a recall initiated by the company’s chia seed supplier.
Product was distributed nationally through retail stores such as Whole Foods Market and online retailers including Amazon. The recall applies to the following product packaged in sealed stand-up pouches:
Lot Codes (9-digit codes starting with “W”) are printed on the back of the chia seed bag above the nutritional information. The Lot Codes included in this recall are:
W31025283 – Best If Used By: End APR 2027
W31025286 – Best If Used By: End APR 2027
W31025287 – Best If Used By: End APR 2027
W31025311 – Best If Used By: End MAY 2027
W31025314 – Best If Used By: End MAY 2027
W31025315 – Best If Used By: End MAY 2027
W31025316 – Best If Used By: End MAY 2027
**
** Gregory’s Foods, Inc. of Eagan, MN is recalling its 2-pound 8.5-ounce packages of “Bag Full of Cookies” White Chocolate Macadamia Nut frozen cookie dough because some units may contain undeclared peanuts. Frozen Monster Cookie Dough, which contains Peanut, may be packaged in a bag that is labeled as White Chocolate Macadamia Nut. People who have allergies to peanuts run the risk of serious or life-threatening allergic reaction if they consume these products.
The recalled “Bag full of Cookies” White Chocolate Macadamia Nut frozen cookie dough was distributed in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Nebraska in retail grocery stores and through distribution centers.
** Superfoods Inc. dba Live it Up. Recalls Live it Up Super Greens Because of Possible Health Risk
The recall includes the following products:
Live it Up Super Greens, Wild Berry, 30 – 0.32oz (9g) Sticks, NET WT. 9.52oz (270g), with UPC 850077468070
Live it Up Super Greens, NET WT 8.5 oz (240g) with UPC 860013190804.
Live it Up Super Greens, 30 – 0.28oz (8g) sticks, NET WT. 8.47 oz (240g) with UPC 850077468063
Live it Up Super Greens, Wild Berry, NET WT 8.5OZ (240g), with UPC 860013190811
** This current recall was initiated after Tri-Union Seafoods discovered that quarantined cases, associated with the initial recall, were inadvertently shipped by a third-party distributor. The impacted products were distributed to limited retail stores as follows:
Safeway, Albertsons, Vons, and Pavilions – California Consumers can contact Tri-Union Seafoods at support@thaiunionhelp.zendesk.com or 833-374-0171, if they have any questions or to request replacement product. The toll-free number hours are Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST.
Meijer – Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin
Giant Foods – Maryland and Virginia
Genova Yellowfin Tuna in Olive Oil 5.0 oz 4 Pack
4800073265
S84N D2L
1/21/2028
S84N D3L
1/24/2028
Genova Yellowfin Tuna in in Extra Virgin Olive Oil with Sea Salt 5.0 oz
Diva Fam Inc. is recalling all lots and flavors of its Sea Moss Gel Superfood because of the lack of required regulatory authorization and temperature monitoring records for pH-controlled food
Suzanna’s Kitchen of Norcross, GA, is recalling 13,720 pounds of ready- to-eat grilled chicken breast fillet products that may be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, the USDA’s Food
** Jan. 16, 2026 – Suzanna’s Kitchen, a Norcross, Ga., establishment, is recalling approximately 13,720 pounds of ready- to-eat grilled chicken breast fillet products that may be adulterated with Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm), the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) announced…
Impacted Products
• 10-lb. cases containing two 5 lb. bags of fully cooked grilled chicken breast fillets with rib meat, with lot code 60104 P1382 287 5 J14 on the side of the case and on the package.
** The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has announced a cheese recall impacting more than 1.5 million bags of shredded cheese. The recalled cheese was produced by Great Lakes Cheese Co. Inc. and may be contaminated with metal fragments.
Great Lakes Cheese Co. Inc. initially announced the recall in October, but the FDA classified it as “Class II,” meaning that eating the cheese “may cause temporary or medically reversible adverse health consequences,” on Dec. 1.
Si Ji Mei brand Wuhan Egg Sheets with Glutinous Rice are under recall in Canada because of potential contamination with Salmonella. The recall was triggered by the company, according to
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) is issuing an urgent advisory following a recent outbreak of amatoxin poisoning linked to the consumption of wild, foraged mushrooms. Confirmed cases have
** A recall on Ore-ida and Sysco Imperial Tater-Tots for plastic contamination. To date, there have been no reported injuries or illnesses associated with this recall, and it is currently unclear how the products became contaminated. Clear hard plastic fragments:McCain Foods USA Inc. Ore-Ida Tater Tots potatoes with the UPC code 1 00 72714 00215 8
Sysco Imperial Potato Tater Barrel with the UPC code 1 07 34730 62740 0
The tater tots were distributed: CA, WA, AR,AZ,CO,FL,HI, IA, ID,IL,KS,KY,LA,MI,MN,MO,MS,MT,NE,NM,ND,NV,OR,TX,UT,WI
** The recalled product was directly distributed to the two retailers listed below, located IA and NJ , between April 2023 to December 2023 There were no online sales.
1.Golden Land (Des Moines) 2740 Douglas Ave Des Moines IA 50310 Tel: 515-468-8224
The recalled [Klong Kone] Shimp Paste (Klong Kone) “454 G. (1 LBS)” and “910 G. (2 LBS),” is packaged in a white plastic jar with a red cap. The product is a dark-colored paste with a salty flavor. The product was Packed and Distributed By: P. Prateepthong 2000, Product of Thailand.
The recalled product was sold in two sizes:
[Klong Kone] Shrimp Paste (Klong Kone) ‘454 G. (1 LBS)’ , with UPC: 8853142000313, Product Code: DPA159
[Klong Kone] Shrimp Paste (Klong Kone) ‘910 G. (2 LBS)’ , with UPC: 8853142000320, Product Code: DPA161
To date, there has been one report of four children becoming ill, which involved diarrhea and elevated blood levels.
** Sonoma, CA —Primavera Nueva Inc. is voluntarily recalling certain lots of its 4-count tamales because the products have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, an organism which can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections in young children, frail or elderly people, and others with weakened immune systems. Although healthy individuals may suffer only short-term symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, stiffness, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea, listeria infection can cause miscarriages and stillbirths among pregnant women.
Product was distributed by Primavera Nueva Inc. in California and Nevada to retail stores.
The following 4-count tamales, produced between October 10, 2024 and October 10, 2025 are included:
Roasted Green Chile & Jack Cheese
Black Bean Bonanza & Jack Cheese
Butternut Squash w/ Roasted Green Chiles & Cheese
BBQ Chipotle Bean & White Cheddar
Mushroom Spinach & Salsa with Two Cheeses
Roasted Green Chile
Black Bean Bonanza
Butternut Squash w/ Roasted Green Chiles
Mushroom Spinach & Salsa
Roasted Pumpkin & White Cheddar.
No other Primavera Nueva products are affected.
No illnesses have been reported to date. Primavera Nueva has fully corrected the issue—enhanced cooking-temperature monitoring and verification have been in place since October 11, 2025.
Consumer Guidance Consumers who have tamales with date codes 10/22 (year 2024) – 10/22 (year 2025) should not consume the product and should discard it.
For questions, contact: Araceli Santoyo — primaveranueva@aol.com 707 939 9350, Monday through Friday 9am to 3pm pacific
** Distilled Water Meijer Steam Distilled Water one-gallon jugs have been recalled by the FDA for containing a “floating black foreign substance.”
The affected product was sold at Meijer stores in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
** Mountain West Food Group, LLC, a Heyburn, Idaho establishment, is recalling approximately 2,855 pounds of raw ground beef products that may be contaminated with E. coli O26, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) announced today…
Impacted Products
• 16-oz. (1-lb.) vacuum-sealed packages containing “FORWARD FARMS GRASS-FED GROUND BEEF” with “USE OF FREEZE BY 01/13/26 EST 2083” printed on the side of the packaging.
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