Category Archives: ~ politics petitions pollution and pop culture

Q. WALKER LEWIS (1798-1856)


Quork Walker Lewis died in October 1856

BY CONTRIBUTED BY: MICHAEL AGUIRRE

Quack Walker Lewis, black abolitionist, barber, AND elder (priest) in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was born in Barre, Worcester County, Massachusetts, on August 3, 1798. His father, Peter P. Lewis, was a free black yeoman farmer in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and his mother, Minor Walker Lewis, was born a slave in Worcester County. Peter and Minor had a total of eleven children, all of whom were born free and part of the black middle class in Massachusetts.

Walker Lewis’s involvement with abolitionism was a central component of his family’s history. He was named after his maternal uncle, Quacko (Kwaku) Walker. Quacko’s parents maintained Ghanaian naming practices (Kwaku means “boy born on Saturday”). Quacko and his parents were slaves in Worcester County, Massachusetts. In two legal cases in 1781 and 1783, Quacko obtained his freedom from Nathaniel Jennison. Quacko v. Jennison (1781) and Jennison v. Caldwell et al (1783) are cited as legal precedents for ending slavery in Massachusetts. With this genealogy of slavery and emancipation, Walker Lewis assisted in the formation of the Massachusetts General Colored Association (MGCA) in 1826.

That year, Lewis and other prominent black abolitionists, including David Walker (no relation), formed the MGCA, the first all-black abolitionist organization in the United States, and in 1829, it released David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World. This treatise called for complete emancipation of slaves, armed insurrection (if necessary), and disfavor of African colonization. The MGCA later merged with William Lloyd Garrison’s New England Anti-Slavery Society, which was then renamed the Boston Anti-Slavery Society.

blackfacts.com for complete article

The Balfour Declaration letter was written


On November 2, 1917, Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour writes an important letter to Britain’s most illustrious Jewish citizen, Baron Lionel Walter Rothschild, expressing the British government’s support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The letter would eventually become known as the Balfour Declaration.

Britain’s support for the Zionist movement came from its concerns regarding the direction of the First World War. Aside from a genuine belief in the righteousness of Zionism, held by Lloyd George among others, Britain’s leaders hoped that a statement supporting Zionism would help gain Jewish support for the Allies.

The influence of the Balfour Declaration on the course of post-war events was immediate: According to the “mandate” system created by the Versailles Treaty of 1919, Britain was entrusted with the administration of Palestine, with the understanding that it would work on behalf of both its Jewish and Arab inhabitants.

Source: history.com

I would say the idea that anyone thought giving Britain or Zionist control in the first place wasn’t offensive seems odd to me, not only because they decided without the Palestinians at the table or ahead of the table since the land, was theirs, but also because all the outliers assumed Britain would be entrusted with the administration of Palestine, with the understanding that it would work on behalf of both its Jewish and Arab inhabitants. Of course, that didn’t happen, and what could go wrong did go wrong, and decades later, genocide is taking place, and the question remains: Why did they think this mission could stay quiet? That is sarcasm … some always knew, and a whole lot of people stayed quiet.

How could Americans and NATO look the other way, and why weren’t the Brits held liable or accountable, btw they all could have done the right thing by correcting it all, but it seems as if supremacy and elitism are beyond humanity. We know every issue can have several sides, but facts should never, ever be ignored, especially when they are documented.

An Idaho Mural Depicting a Lynching of a Native American


So, this picture popped. I have no idea if the mural was modified, dragged away or standing straight and tall like others in our country depicting the lynching of the first Americans ~ Indian and those who were shackled, African- so correct me if needed

Child Brides … the history is long!


See the source image
Source of image: internet #cbn

So, did you know there are three different ways states define “child marriage,” and that’s why sources disagree:

States with NO minimum age at all.

States with a full ban (18, no exceptions)

States with a minimum age + exceptions

It is now 2026, and child marriage is still legal in 33–34 U.S. states. Only 17 states and D.C. have fully banned it with no exceptions. Three states — California, Mississippi, and New Mexico — still have no minimum age at all, meaning a child of any age can legally be married with the right combination of parental or judicial approval. Between 2000 and 2021, over 315,000 minors were legally married in the U.S., and 86% of those marriages were between a minor girl and an adult man. Despite public assumptions, the U.S. still has one of the weakest child‑marriage protections in the developed world.

States that have fully banned child marriage (18, no exceptions)

17 states + D.C.

  • Delaware
  • New Jersey
  • Pennsylvania
  • Minnesota
  • Rhode Island
  • New York
  • Massachusetts
  • Vermont
  • Connecticut
  • Michigan
  • Washington
  • Virginia
  • New Hampshire
  • Maine
  • Oregon
  • Missouri
  • Oklahoma
  • District of Columbia

These are the only places where child marriage is truly abolished.

It’s time for America to evolve from the misogynistic values of the 1600s to a future where no child’s life is shaped by outdated laws that were never meant to protect them. ~ Nativergrl77

(Sources: World Population Review, LegalClarity, FreedomUnited, Wikipedia)

So, as of June 2020, in the 40 states that have set a marriage age by statute, the lower minimum marriage age when all exceptions are taken into account, are:

  • 2 states have a minimum age of 14: Alaska and North Carolina
  • 3 states have a minimum age of 15.
  • 21 states have a minimum age of 16.
  • 10 states have a minimum age of 17.
  • 4 states have a minimum age of 18.

The Koski/Heymann study found prevalence of child marriage varied from more than 10 per 1,000 in West Virginia, Hawaii and North Dakota to less than four per 1,000 in Maine, Rhode Island and Wyoming.[29]

  • In Texas from 2000 to 2014, almost 40,000 children were married.[30][31]
  • In Florida, 16,400 children, some as young as 13, were married from 2000–2017, which is the second highest incidence of child marriage after Texas.[15]
  • In Alabama there were over 8,600 child marriages from 2000 to 2015, the fourth highest amount of any state. However, child marriage in Alabama showed a large decline in that time. In 2000, almost 1,200 children married, but by 2014 it dropped to 190.[31]
  • In Virginia between 2004 and 2013, nearly 4,500 children were married according to the Tahirih Justice Center.[32]
  • In Ohio from 2000 to 2015 there were 4,443 girls married aged 17 and younger, including 43 aged 15 and under.[33]
  • In New York, more than 3,800 children were married between 2000 and 2010.[34]

The Koski/Heymann also found that only 20% of married children were living with their spouses; the majority of the rest were living with their parents.[29]

Source: wiki … please, definitely correct wiki if the information is false

The Chicago Public Schools boycott, also known as Freedom Day


The Chicago Public Schools boycott, also known as Freedom Day, was a mass boycott and demonstration against the segregationist policies of the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) on October 22, 1963.

More than 200,000 students stayed out of school, and tens of thousands of Chicagoans joined in a protest that culminated in a march to the office of the Chicago Board of Education. The protest preceded the larger New York City public school boycott, also known as Freedom Day.

In response to the school segregation enacted by Willis, community members began organizing resistance. Organizers included Chicago activist Albert Raby.[7] The Coordinating Council of Community Organizations (CCCO) took the lead, organizing “Freedom Day,” the mass boycott and protest.[8] According to the chairman of the CCCO, Lawrence Landry, “The boycott is an effort to communicate dissatisfaction on how schools are being run.”[9] The Chicago Defender estimated that forty percent of CPS students would participate in the boycott.[9] 

On October 22, 1963, nearly half of all CPS students skipped school, leaving schools on Chicago’s South Side and West Side mostly empty.[3] The Chicago Tribune reported that 224,770 students were absent from CPS, amounting to 47 percent of the student population.[10] Some students opted to attend makeshift Freedom Schools instead.[11] In addition to the boycott, nearly 10,000 protesters marched in Chicago’s downtown, stopping outside the Chicago Board of Education offices. Chicago police kept protesters from entering the building.[5]

While Freedom Day was popular and widely covered, it did not have significant impact in changing the policies of Superintendent Willis. This de facto school segregation was supported by da Mayor Richard J. Daley,[7] who went on to nominate two school board members who did not support the CCCO’s push for integration. Ultimately, CPS was not moved to integrate after Freedom Day, despite the best efforts of Black activists and the CCCO.[8] Use of Willis Wagons prevailed,[4] and Willis himself did not retire until 1966 (albeit four months before the end of his term).[6] However, the size of the first Freedom Day protest inspired subsequent boycotts in Chicago[12] and the United States.[13][14]

The Freedom Day protest inspired Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.‘s move to Chicago in 1966.[4] 

for the complete cite … wiki

source: wiki … please let me know if there are alternative facts that need correcting