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on this day … 11/21 1973 – U.S. President Richard M. Nixon’s attorney, J. Fred Buzhardt, announced the presence of an 18―-minute gap in one of the White House tape recordings related to the Watergate case. 


1620 – The Mayflower reached Provincetown, MA. The ship discharged the Pilgrims at Plymouth, MA, on December 26, 1620.

1694 – French author and philosopher Jean Francois Voltaire was born. At age 65 he spent only three days writing “Candide.”

1783 – The first successful flight was made in a hot air balloon. The pilots, Francois Pilatre de Rosier and Francois Laurent, Marquis d’Arlandes, flew for 25 minutes and 5― miles over Paris.

1789 – North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.

1871 – M.F. Galethe patented the cigar lighter.

1877 – Thomas A. Edison announced the invention of his phonograph.

1922 – Rebecca L. Felton of Georgia was sworn in as the first woman to serve as a member of the U.S. Senate. 

1929 – Spanish surrealist Salvador Dali had his first art exhibit.

1934 – The New York Yankees purchased the contract of Joe DiMaggio from San Francisco of the Pacific Coast League.

1942 – The Alaska Highway across Canada was formally opened.

1953 – British Natural History Museum authorities announced that “Piltdown Man” was a hoax.

1962 – U.S. President Kennedy terminated the quarantine measures against Cuba. 

1963 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy and his wife, Jacqueline, arrived in San Antonio, TX. They were beginning an ill-fated, two-day tour of Texas that would end in Dallas.

1973 – U.S. President Richard M. Nixon‘s attorney, J. Fred Buzhardt, announced the presence of an 18―-minute gap in one of the White House tape recordings related to the Watergate case.

1979 – The U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, was attacked by a mob that set the building afire and killed two Americans.

1980 – 87 people died in a fire at the MGM Grand Hotel-Casino in Las Vegas, NV.

1982 – The National Football League (NFL) resumed its season following a 57-day player’s strike.

1985 – Former U.S. Navy intelligence analyst Jonathan Jay Pollard was arrested after being accused of spying for Israel. He was later sentenced to life in prison.

1986 – U.S. Attorney General Meese was asked to conduct an inquiry of the Iran arms sales.

1987 – An eight-day siege began at a detention center in Oakdale, LA, as Cuban detainees seized the facility and took hostages.

1989 – The proceedings of Britain’s House of Commons were televised live for the first time.

1992 – U.S. Senator Bob Packwood, issued an apology but refused to discuss allegations that he’d made unwelcome sexual advances toward 10 women in past years.

1993 – The U.S. House of Representatives voted against making the District of Columbia the 51st state. 

1994 – NATO warplanes bombed an air base in Serb-held Croatia that was being used by Serb planes to raid the Bosnian “safe area” of Bihac.

1995 – France detonated its fourth underground nuclear blast at a test site in the South Pacific.

1995 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed above the 5,000-mark (5,023.55) for the first time.

1999 – China announced that it had test-launched an unmanned space capsule that was designed for manned spaceflight.

2000 – The Florida Supreme Court granted Al Gore’s request to keep the presidential recounts going.

2001 – Microsoft Corp. proposed giving $1 billion in computers, software, training and cash to more than 12,500 of the poorest schools in the U.S. The offer was intended as part of a deal to settle most of the company’s private antitrust lawsuits.

2002 – NATO invited Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to become members.

2013 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed above 16,000 for the first time.

on this day 11/21


USflag
1776
Washington orders General Lee to New Jersey »
1927
Holland Tunnel appears on the cover of Time »
1861
Judah Benjamin becomes Confederate secretary of war »
1975
Congressional report charges U.S. involvement in assassination plots »
1986
Oliver North starts feeding documents into the shredding machine »
1916
Britannic sinks in Aegean Sea »
1783
Men fly over Paris »
1877
Edison’s first great invention »
1985
Israeli spy arrested in United States »
1976
Rocky premieres »
1694
Voltaire’s birthday »
1934
Ella Fitzgerald wins Amateur Night at Harlem’s Apollo Theater »
1860
Tom Horn is born in Missouri »
1864
Lincoln allegedly writes to mother of Civil War casualties »
1967
Westmoreland tells media the communists are losing »
1970
U.S. force raids Son Tay prison camp »
1916
Emperor Franz Josef of Austria dies »
1941
Nazi chief architect requests POWs to labor for a new Berlin »

New York Committee of Vigilance founded


On November 20, 1835, David Ruggles, a Black abolitionist living in New York City, founds the New York Committee of Vigilance, an interracial collective working to protect free Black New Yorkers and fugitive former slaves from kidnappers and police. Its stated goal: to “protect unoffending, defenseless and endangered persons of color, by securing their rights as far as practicable.”

Though New York State had abolished slavery in 1827, the city’s economy depended on its trade with the Southern plantation economy. Wall Street financiers and merchants, who depended on the shipping of slave-grown cotton, encouraged New York Police Department officers to operate “kidnapping clubs,” which sought to arrest as many Black men, women and children as possible and ship them south for sale without even a trial by jury. They were enabled by corrupt judges, politicians, highly paid bounty hunters and others.

Ruggles and the NYCV believed that forceful confrontation with slave owners was often necessary in the pursuit of abolition and the emancipation of Black New Yorkers. With the support of an organized network of Black and white New Yorkers, he and his comrades boarded ships in the New York harbor to rescue Black captives and guide them to safety, and petitioned for jury trials for Black New Yorkers arrested as fugitives. They assembled a network of safe houses and churches that became stops on the Underground Railroad. Funds were raised to shelter, clothe and feed fugitives, as well as to pay for lawyers in the aforementioned jury trials. All the while, members of this network acted as informants, providing the NYCV with tips about suspicious activities and people.

By 1838, Ruggles and the NYCV had reportedly rescued over 500 individuals from being sold into slavery, including escaped-slave-turned-abolitionist-icon Frederick Douglass. While Ruggles was forced to retire from his activist work due to his declining health, the NYCV inspired abolitionists in cities across the northern United States to create similar groups to defend Black Americans seeking freedom from slavery.

Source: history.com for more information