1289 – Qala’un, the Sultan of Egypt, captured Tripoli.

1429 – Joan of Arc led Orleans, France, to victory over Britain.

1661 – The Chinese Ming dynasty occupied Taiwan.

1672 – King Louis XIV of France invaded the Netherlands.

1813 – Rubber was patented by J.F. Hummel.

1852 – The first edition of Peter Roget’s Thesaurus was published.

1858 – Austrian troops invaded Piedmont.

1861 – The Maryland House of Delegates voted against seceding from Union.

1861 – New Orleans fell to Union forces during the Civil War.

1864 – Theta Xi was founded in Troy, New York.

1879 – In Cleveland, OH, electric arc lights were used for the first time.

1913 – Gideon Sundback patented an all-purpose zipper.

1916 – Irish nationalists surrendered to British authorities in Dublin.

1918 – Germany’s Western Front offensive ended in World War I.

1924 – An open revolt broke out in Santa Clara, Cuba.

1927 – Construction of the Spirit of St. Louis was completed for Lindbergh.

1941 – The Boston Bees agreed to change their name to the Braves.

1945 – The German Army in Italy surrendered unconditionally to the Allies.

1945 – In a bunker in Berlin, Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun were married. Hitler designated Admiral Karl Doenitz his successor.

1945 – The Nazi death camp, Dachau, was liberated.

1946 – Twenty-eight former Japanese leaders were indicted in Tokyo as war criminals.

1952 – IBM President Thomas J. Watson, Jr., informed his company’s stockholders that IBM was building “the most advanced, most flexible high-speed computer in the world.” The computer was unveiled April 7, 1953, as the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine.

1954 – Ernest Borgnine made his network television debut in “Night Visitor” on NBC-TV.

1961 – ABC’s “Wide World of Sports” premiered.

1974 – Phil Donahue’s TV show, “Donahue” moved to Chicago, IL.

1974 – U.S. President Nixon announced he was releasing edited transcripts of secretly made White House tape recordings related to the Watergate scandal.

1975 – The U.S. embassy in Vietnam was evacuated as North Vietnamese forces fought their way into Saigon.

1981 – Steve Carlton, of the Philadelphia Phillies, became the first left-handed pitcher in the major leagues to get 3,000 career strikeouts.

1984 – In California, the Diablo Canyon nuclear reactor went online after a long delay due to protests.

1985 – Billy Martin was brought back, for the fourth time, to the position of manager for the New York Yankees.

1986 – Roger Clemens of the Boston Red Sox set a major-league baseball record by striking out 20 Seattle Mariner batters.

1988 – The Baltimore Orioles set a new major league baseball record by losing their first 21 games of the season.

1988 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev promised more religious freedom.

1990 – The destruction of the Berlin Wall began.

1992 – Exxon executive Sidney Reso was kidnapped outside his Morris Township, NJ, home by Arthur Seale. Seale was a former Exxon security official. Reso died while in captivity.

1992 – Rioting began after a jury decision to acquit four Los Angeles policemen in the Rodney King beating trial. 54 people were killed in 3 days.

1994 – Israel and the PLO signed an agreement in Paris which granted Palestinians broad authority to set taxes, control trade and regulate banks under self-rule in the Gaza Strip and Jericho.

1996 – Former CIA Director William Colby was missing and presumed drowned after an apparent boating accident in Maryland. Colby’s body was later recovered.

1997 – Staff Sgt. Delmar Simpson, a drill instructor at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, was convicted of raping six female trainees. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison and was dishonorably discharged.

1997 – Astronaut Jerry Linenger and cosmonaut Vasily Tsibliyev went on the first U.S.-Russian space walk.

1998 – The U.S., Canada and Mexico end tariffs on $1 billion in NAFTA trade.

1998 – Brazil announced a plan to protect a large area of Amazon forest. The area was about the size of Colorado.

2002 – Kelsey Grammer and his production company, Grammnet Inc., were ordered to pay more than $2 million in unpaid commissions to his former talent agency.

2003 – Mr. T (Laurence Tureaud) filed a lawsuit against Best Buy Co. Inc., that claimed the store did not have permission to use his likeness in a print ad.

2009 – NATO expelled two Russian diplomats from NATO headquarters in Brussels over a spy scandal in Estonia. Russia’s Foreign Ministry criticized the expulsions.

2015 – The White Sox beat the Baltimore Orioles 8-2 at Camden Yards. The game was played without a crowd present due to the ongoing riots and protests in Baltimore. This was the first time a Major League Baseball game was played in front of an empty house.

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0357 – Constantius II visited Rome for the first time.

1282 – Villagers in Palermo led a revolt against French rule in Sicily.

1635 – Virginia Governor John Harvey was accused of treason and removed from office.

1686 – The first volume of Isaac Newton’s “Principia Mathamatic” was published.

1788 – Maryland became the seventh state to ratify the U.S. constitution.

1789 – A mutiny on the British ship Bounty took place when a rebel crew took the ship and set sail to Pitcairn Island. The mutineers left Captain W. Bligh and 18 sailors adrift.

1818 – U.S. President James Monroe proclaimed naval disarmament on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.

1896 – The Addressograph was patented by J.S. Duncan.

1902 – A revolution broke out in the Dominican Republic.

1910 – First night air flight was performed by Claude Grahame-White in England.

1914 – W.H. Carrier patented the design of his air conditioner.

1916 – The British declared martial law throughout Ireland.

1920 – Azerbaijan joined the USSR.

1923 – The British Empire Exhibition Stadium (or Empire Stadium) opened to the public.

1930 – The first organized night baseball game was played in Independence, Kansas.

1932 – The yellow fever vaccine for humans was announced.

1937 – The first animated-cartoon electric sign was displayed on a building on Broadway in New York City. It was created by Douglas Leight.

1945 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci were executed by Italian partisans as they attempted to flee the country.

1946 – The Allies indicted Tojo with 55 counts of war crimes.

1947 – Norwegian anthropologist Thor Heyerdahl and five others set out in a balsa wood craft known as Kon Tiki to prove that Peruvian Indians could have settled in Polynesia. The trip began in Peru and took 101 days to complete the crossing of the Pacific Ocean.

1952 – The U.S. occupation of Japan officially ended when a treaty with the U.S. and 47 other countries went into effect.

1953 – French troops evacuated northern Laos.

1957 – Mike Wallace was seen on TV for the first time. He was the host of “Mike Wallace Interviews.”

1959 – Arthur Godfrey was seen for the last time in the final broadcast of “Arthur Godfrey and His Friends” on CBS-TV.

1962 – In the Sahara Desert of Algeria, a team led by Red Adair used explosives to put out the well fire known as the Devil’s Cigarette Lighter. The fire was caused by a pipe rupture on November 6, 1961.

1965 – The U.S. Army and Marines invaded the Dominican Republic to evacuate Americans.

1967 – Muhammad Ali refused induction into the U.S. Army and was stripped of boxing title. He cited religious grounds for his refusal.

1969 – Charles de Gaulle resigned as president of France.

1969 – In Santa Rosa, CA, Charles M. Schulz’s Redwood Empire Ice Arena opened.

1985 – The largest sand castle in the world was completed near St. Petersburg, FL. It was four stories tall.

1988 – In Maui, HI, one flight attendant was killed when the fuselage of a Boeing 737 ripped open in mid-flight.

1989 – Mobil announced that they were divesting from South Africa because congressional restrictions were too costly.

1992 – The U.S. Agriculture Department unveiled a pyramid-shaped recommended-diet chart.

1994 – Former CIA official Aldrich Ames, who had given U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and then Russia, pled guilty to espionage and tax evasion. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole.

1996 – U.S. President Clinton gave a 4 1/2 hour videotaped testimony as a defense witness in the criminal trial of his former Whitewater business partners.

1997 – A worldwide treaty to ban chemical weapons took effect. Russia and other countries such as Iraq and North Korea did not sign.

1999 – The U.S. House of Representatives rejected (on a tie vote of 213-213) a measure expressing support for NATO’s five-week-old air campaign in Yugoslavia. The House also voted to limit the president’s authority to use ground forces in Yugoslavia.

2000 – Jay Leno received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

2001 – A Russian rocket launched from Central Asia with the first space tourist aboard. The crew consisted of California businessman Dennis Tito and two cosmonauts. The destination was the international space station.

2008 – India set a world record when it sent 10 satellites into orbit from a single launch.

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Sir John Harvey was a royal governor of Virginia who was ousted from office by a powerful faction in the governor’s Council.

Charles I appointed Harvey, a ship owner and councilor, in 1628. While he oversaw a dramatic increase in population and production, conflicts between himself and the Council defined his regime. The largest in a series of disputes involved the nature of Virginia’s government, which had been brought under royal authority. Harvey understood that his instructions gave him full control over the colony with the Council acting as an advisory body, while the councilors felt he could not act without their consent. His aggressive manner further alienated its members. In the spring of 1635 an official protest against a planned tobacco monopoly brought their tensions into direct conflict.

On April 28 both Harvey and the Council attempted to arrest each other on charges of treason. The councilors, backed by musketeers, prevailed. Charles I reappointed him as a means of asserting royal power, but Harvey’s opponents eventually engineered a second removal in favor of former Governor Sir Francis Wyatt. Harvey remained in Virginia for several more years, but was in debt and had much of his property seized. He died in England sometime before July 16, 1650. MORE…

https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/

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1296 – The Scots were defeated by Edward I at the Battle of Dunbar.

1509 – Pope Julius II excommunicated the Italian state of Venice.

1521 – Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was killed by natives in the Philippines.

1565 – The first Spanish settlement in Philippines was established in Cebu City.

1805 – A force led by U.S. Marines captured the city of Derna, on the shores of Tripoli.

1813 – Americans under Gen. Pike capture York (present day Toronto) the seat of government in Ontario.

1861 – West Virginia seceded from Virginia after Virginia seceded from the Union during the American Civil War.

1861 – U.S. President Lincoln issued an order to General Winfield Scott that authorized him to suspend the writ of habeas corpus between Philadelphia and Washington at or near any military line.

1863 – The Army of the Potomac began marching on Chancellorsville.

1865 – In the U.S. the Sultana exploded while carrying 2,300 Union POWs. Between 1,400 – 2,000 were killed.

1880 – Francis Clarke and M.G. Foster patented the electrical hearing aid.

1897 – Grant’s Tomb was dedicated.

1899 – The Western Golf Association was founded in Chicago, IL.

1903 – Jamaica Race Track opened in Long Island, NY.

1909 – The sultan of Turkey, Abdul Hamid II, was overthrown.

1938 – Geraldine Apponyi married King Zog of Albania. She was the first American woman to become a queen.

1938 – A colored baseball was used for the first time in any baseball game. The ball was yellow and was used between Columbia and Fordham Universities in New York City.

1945 – The Second Republic was founded in Austria.

1946 – The SS African Star was placed in service. It was the first commercial ship to be equipped with radar.

1947 – “Babe Ruth Day” was celebrated at Yankee Stadium.

1950 – South Africa passed the Group Areas Act, which formally segregated races.

1953 – The U.S. offered $50,000 and political asylum to any Communist pilot that delivered a MIG jet.

1953 – Five people were killed and 60 injured when Mt. Aso erupted on the island of Kyushu.

1960 – The submarine Tullibee was launched from Groton, CT. It was the first sub to be equipped with closed-circuit television.

1961 – The United Kingdom granted Sierra Leone independence.

1965 – “Pampers” were patented by R.C. Duncan.

1967 – In Montreal, Prime Minister Lester Pearson lighted a flame to open Expo 67.

1975 – Saigon was encircled by North Vietnamese troops.

1978 – Pro-Soviet Marxists seized control of Afghanistan.

1982 – The trial of John W. Hinckley Jr. began in Washington. Hinckley was later acquitted by reason of insanity for the shooting of U.S. President Reagan and three others.

1982 – China proposed a new constitution that would radically alter the structure of the national government.

1983 – Nolan Ryan (Houston Astros) broke a 55-year-old major league baseball record when he struck out his 3,509th batter of his career.

1984 – In London, Libyan gunmen left the Libyan Embassy 11 days after killing a policewoman and wounding 10 others.

1986 – Captain Midnight (John R. MacDougall) interrupted HBO.

1989 – Student protestors took over Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

1987 – The U.S. Justice Department barred Austrian President Kurt Waldheim from entering the U.S. He claimed that he had aided in the deportation and execution of thousands of Jews and others as a German Army officer during World War II.

1992 – The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was proclaimed in Belgrade by the Republic of Serbia and its ally Montenegro.

1992 – Russia and 12 other former Soviet republics won entry into the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

2005 – The A380, the world’s largest jetliner, completed its maiden flight. The passenger capability was 840.

2005 – Russian President Vladimir Putin became the first Kremlin leader to visit Israel.

2006 – In New York, NY, construction began on the 1,776-foot One World Trade Center on the site of former World Trade Center.