Demand the Binghamton City School District End the Criminalization of Black Girls


A school nurse and vice principal at Binghamton East Middle School stripped searched four Black girls because they were acting “giddy” at lunch and school authorities suspected they were using drugs. Normal behavior for 12 year olds was used to justify strip searching four young Black girls in front of adults and traumatizing them. Three of the girls were forced to strip down to their underwear, while a fourth girl refused a search and was served with an in-school suspension instead.

We know that racist and sexist assumptions about Black girls lead to the perception that they are less innocent than white girls. These warped views play directly into the criminalization and rampant sexual abuse of Black girls; perpetrators aren’t worried about suffering serious consequences because societal messages tell them Black girls are without protection. These assumptions play directly into the fact that Black girls are six times more likely to be suspended from school than their white counterparts and lead to long term negative effects for their emotional and educational development. From the over-policing of Black girls hair, to strip searching them for exhibiting normal pre-teen behavior, the criminalization of Black girls must stop.

Sign the Petition

colorofchange.org

 

The Senate February 4-28th ::: CONGRESS ::: The House 2019


Wrap Up for Thursday, February 28, 2019

Wrap Up for Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Wrap Up for Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Wrap Up for Monday, February 25, 2019

Wrap Up for Thursday, February 14, 2019
Wrap Up for Wednesday, February 13, 2019
Image result for image of 2019
Wrap Up for Tuesday, February 12, 2019

Wrap Up for Monday, February 11, 2019

Wrap Up for Thursday, February 7, 2019

Wrap Up for Wednesday, February 6, 2019

Wrap Up for Tuesday, February 5, 2019

Wrap Up for Monday, February 4, 2019 

***************************************************

House Activity 2/28/2019

9:00:03 A.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
9:00:09 A.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Judy Chu to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
9:00:31 A.M.Today’s prayer was offered by the House Chaplain, Rev. Patrick J. Conroy.
9:01:33 A.M.SPEAKER’S APPROVAL OF THE JOURNAL – The Chair announced that she had examined the Journal of the last day’s proceedings and had approved it. Ms. Trahan demanded that the question be put on agreeing to the Speaker’s approval of the Journal and by voice vote, the Chair announced that the ayes had prevailed. Ms. Trahan objected to the voice vote based upon the absence of a quorum and the Chair postponed further proceedings on the question of the Speaker’s approval of the Journal until later in the legislative day.
9:02:26 A.M.

PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair designated Mr. Thompson of PA to lead the Members in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
9:02:44 A.M.

ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one minute speeches, which by direction of the Chair, would be limited to 5 per side of the aisle.
9:14:53 A.M.
H.R. 1112
Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 145. H.R. 1112 — “To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to strengthen the background check procedures to be followed before a Federal firearms licensee may transfer a firearm to a person who is not such a licensee.”
9:14:58 A.M.
H.R. 1112
Provides for one hour of debate on each measure. Only those amendments printed in the report shall be in order and the previous question shall be considered ordered without intervening motions except one motion to recommit with or without instructions.
9:15:02 A.M.
H.R. 1112
House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 145 and Rule XVIII.
9:15:03 A.M.
H.R. 1112
The Speaker designated the Honorable Lauren Underwood to act as Chairwoman of the Committee.
9:15:56 A.M.
H.R. 1112
GENERAL DEBATE – The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 1112.
10:13:19 A.M.
H.R. 1112
An amendment, offered by Mr. Rice (SC), numbered 1 printed in Part B of House Report 116-14 to grant NICS examiners access to the National Data Exchange when reviewing firearm transfers.
10:13:36 A.M.
H.R. 1112
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Rice (SC) amendment No. 1.
10:18:53 A.M.
H.R. 1112
By unanimous consent, the Rice (SC) amendment was withdrawn.
10:19:14 A.M.
H.R. 1112
An amendment, offered by Mr. Schneider, numbered 2 printed in Part B of House Report 116-14 to require the FBI to report on the number of petitions it was not able to make a determination on within the 10-day period.
10:19:38 A.M.
H.R. 1112
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Schneider amendment No. 2.
10:25:06 A.M.
H.R. 1112
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS – At the conclusion of debate on the Schneider amendment No. 2, the Chair put the question on adoption of the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Nadler demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until later in the legislative day.
10:25:38 A.M.
H.R. 1112
An amendment, offered by Mr. Levin (MI), numbered 3 printed in Part B of House Report 116-14 to require GAO to submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, and the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, analyzing the extent to which the new Section 922(t)(1)(B)(ii) of title 18, United States Code, added by the bill prevents firearms from being transferred to prohibited persons.
10:26:29 A.M.
H.R. 1112
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Levin (MI) amendment No. 3.
10:31:00 A.M.
H.R. 1112
On agreeing to the Levin (MI) amendment; Agreed to by voice vote.
10:31:21 A.M.
H.R. 1112
An amendment, offered by Ms. Porter, numbered 4 printed in Part B of House Report 116-14 to require a report analyzing the impact of the bill on the safety of victims of domestic violence, domestic abuse, dating partner violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
10:31:49 A.M.
H.R. 1112
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Porter amendment No. 4.
10:36:59 A.M.
H.R. 1112
On agreeing to the Porter amendment; Agreed to by voice vote.
10:37:46 A.M.
H.R. 1112
An amendment, offered by Mr. Van Drew, numbered 5 printed in Part B of House Report 116-14 to allow an FFL who has contacted NICS, and who was not notified that the transfer is legally permissible within 3 business days of the initial date of contact, to rely on information provided by NICS respecting a transfer for 25 days after the transfer becomes legally permissible.
10:38:16 A.M.
H.R. 1112
DEABTE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Van Drew amendment No. 5.
10:46:20 A.M.
H.R. 1112
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS – At the conclusion of debate on the Van Drew amendment No. 5, the Chair put the question on adoption of the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Collins (GA) demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until later in the legislative day.
11:17:01 A.M.
H.R. 1112
On agreeing to the Schneider amendment; Agreed to by recorded vote: 282 – 144 (Roll no. 100).
11:28:01 A.M.
H.R. 1112
On agreeing to the Van Drew amendment; Agreed to by recorded vote: 234 – 193 (Roll no. 101).
11:28:08 A.M.
H.R. 1112
The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 1112.
11:29:34 A.M.
H.R. 1112
The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
11:31:11 A.M.
H.R. 1112
Mrs. Lesko moved to recommit with instructions to the Committee on the Judiciary.
11:31:34 A.M.
H.R. 1112
DEBATE – The House proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Lesko motion to recommit with instructions. The instructions contained in the motion seek to require the bill to be reported back to the House with an amendment to insert new text on cases in which the transferee is a victim of a crime of domestic violence.
11:45:18 A.M.
H.R. 1112
The previous question on the motion to recommit with instructions was ordered without objection.
11:53:41 A.M.
H.R. 1112
On motion to recommit with instructions Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 194 – 232 (Roll no. 102).
12:02:30 P.M.
H.R. 1112
On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 228 – 198 (Roll no. 103).
12:02:32 P.M.
H.R. 1112
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
12:02:40 P.M.

UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was the question on the Speaker’s Approval of the Journal, which the Chair put de novo.
12:02:56 P.M.

On approving the Journal Agreed to by voice vote.
12:04:12 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.
12:04:20 P.M.Ms. Speier asked unanimous consent That when the House adjourns on Thursday, February 28, 2019, it adjourn to meet at 11:30 a.m. on Monday, March 4, 2019. Agreed to without objection.
12:04:21 P.M.Ms. Speier asked unanimous consent That when the House adjourns on Monday, March 4, 2019, it adjourn to meet on Tuesday, March 5, 2019, at noon for Morning-Hour debate and 2:00 p.m. for legislative business. Agreed to without objection.
12:19:36 P.M.SPECIAL ORDER SPEECHES – The House has concluded all anticipated legislative business and has proceeded to Special Order speeches.
1:37:47 P.M.Ms. Norton moved that the House do now adjourn.
1:37:50 P.M.On motion to adjourn Agreed to by voice vote.
1:37:55 P.M.The House adjourned pursuant to a previous special order. The next meeting is scheduled for 11:30 a.m. on March 4, 2019.

House Activity 2/27/2019

10:00:02 A.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
10:00:08 A.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Tony Cardenas to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
10:00:40 A.M.MORNING-HOUR DEBATE – The House proceeded with Morning-Hour Debate. At the conclusion of Morning-Hour, the House will recess until 12:00 p.m. for the start of legislative business.
10:26:58 A.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for 12:00 P.M. today.
12:00:11 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 27.
12:00:13 P.M.Today’s prayer was offered by Father Philip G. Salois, American Legion National Chaplain, North Smithfield, RI
12:01:57 P.M.The Speaker announced approval of the Journal. Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Journal stands approved.
12:01:59 P.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair designated Ms. Brownley of CA to lead the Members in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
12:03:38 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one minute speeches, which by direction of the Chair, would be limited to 15 per side of the aisle.
12:24:23 P.M.
H.R. 8
Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 145. H.R. 8 — “To require a background check for every firearm sale.”
12:24:28 P.M.
H.R. 8
Provides for one hour of debate on each measure. Only those amendments printed in the report shall be in order and the previous question shall be considered ordered without intervening motions except one motion to recommit with or without instructions.
12:24:54 P.M.
H.R. 8
House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 145 and Rule XVIII.
12:24:55 P.M.
H.R. 8
The Speaker designated the Honorable Earl Blumenauer to act as Chairman of the Committee.
12:25:39 P.M.
H.R. 8
GENERAL DEBATE – The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.R. 8.
1:52:36 P.M.
H.R. 8
An amendment, offered by Mrs. Lesko, numbered 1 printed in Part A of House Report 116-14 to allow the transfer of firearms to individuals who participate in the TSA Pre-Check program of the Department of Homeland Security.
1:53:04 P.M.
H.R. 8
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Lesko amendment No. 1.
2:03:25 P.M.
H.R. 8
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS – At the conclusion of debate on the Lesko amendment No. 1, the Chair put the question on adoption of the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the noes had prevailed. Ms. Lesko demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until later in the legislative day.
2:04:55 P.M.
H.R. 8
An amendment, offered by Ms. Dean, numbered 2 printed in Part A of House Report 116-14 to clarify that the exemption from the background check requirement in instances of imminent threats of death or great bodily harm would apply to someone who is at risk of committing suicide.
2:05:13 P.M.
H.R. 8
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Dean amendment No. 2.
2:12:56 P.M.
H.R. 8
On agreeing to the Dean amendment; Agreed to by voice vote.
2:13:43 P.M.
H.R. 8
An amendment, offered by Ms. Horn, Kendra S., numbered 3 printed in Part A of House Report 116-14 to clarify that “great bodily harm” includes domestic violence, dating partner violence, sexual assault, stalking, and domestic abuse.
2:14:06 P.M.
H.R. 8
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Horn (OK) amendment No. 3.
2:22:00 P.M.
H.R. 8
POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS – At the conclusion of debate on the Horn amendment No. 3, the Chair put the question on adoption of the amendment and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Nadler demanded a recorded vote and the Chair postponed further proceedings until later in the legislative day.
2:22:36 P.M.
H.R. 8
An amendment, offered by Mr. Van Drew, numbered 4 printed in Part A of House Report 116-14 to clarify that the exception for gifts and loans of firearms between parents and their children applies to step-parents and step-children.
2:23:01 P.M.
H.R. 8
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 145, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Van Drew amendment No. 4.
2:29:09 P.M.
H.R. 8
On agreeing to the Van Drew amendment; Agreed to by voice vote.
3:00:02 P.M.
H.R. 8
On agreeing to the Lesko amendment; Failed by recorded vote: 182 – 250 (Roll no. 96).
3:10:59 P.M.
H.R. 8
On agreeing to the Horn, Kendra S. amendment; Agreed to by recorded vote: 310 – 119 (Roll no. 97).
3:11:07 P.M.
H.R. 8
The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.R. 8.
3:12:05 P.M.
H.R. 8
The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
3:12:30 P.M.
H.R. 8
The House adopted the amendment in the nature of a substitute as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
3:13:43 P.M.
H.R. 8
Mr. Collins (GA) moved to recommit with instructions to the Committee on the Judiciary.
3:14:23 P.M.
H.R. 8
DEBATE – The House proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Collins (GA) motion to recommit with instructions pending a reservation of a point of order. The instructions contained in the motion seek to require the bill to be reported back to the House with an amendment to insert new text on regulations in the case of a background check conducted by the national instant criminal background check system, in response to a contact from a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer, that the system notify U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement if the individual is in violation of subsection (g)(5). Subsequently, the reservation was withdrawn.
3:25:32 P.M.
H.R. 8
The previous question on the motion to recommit with instructions was ordered without objection.
3:35:27 P.M.
H.R. 8
On motion to recommit with instructions Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 220 – 209 (Roll no. 98).
3:37:42 P.M.
H.R. 8
An amendment, offered by Mr. Nadler, Pursuant to the instructions of the House in the Motion to Recommit the amendment was considered.
3:38:18 P.M.
H.R. 8
On agreeing to the Nadler amendment; Agreed to by voice vote.
3:45:48 P.M.
H.R. 8
On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 240 – 190 (Roll no. 99).
3:45:51 P.M.
H.R. 8
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
3:53:13 P.M.

Mr. Payne asked unanimous consent that when the House adjourns today, it adjourn to meet at 9:00 a.m. on February 28. Agreed to without objection. 3:54:15 P.M.

ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.
4:17:36 P.M.SPECIAL ORDER SPEECHES – The House has concluded all anticipated legislative business and has proceeded to Special Order speeches.
4:45:29 P.M.Mr. Green (TX) moved that the House do now adjourn.
4:45:36 P.M.On motion to adjourn Agreed to by voice vote.
4:45:37 P.M.The House adjourned pursuant to a previous special order. The next meeting is scheduled for 9:00 a.m. on February 28, 2019.

 

House Activity 2/19/2019

2:30:59 P.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
2:32:14 P.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Jennifer Wexton to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
2:32:36 P.M.Today’s prayer was offered by Reverend Erin M. Keys, Capitol Hill Presbyterian Church, Washington, DC.
2:33:22 P.M.SPEAKER’S APPROVAL OF THE JOURNAL – Pursuant to section 2(a) of H. Res. 131, the Journal of the last day’s proceedings was approved.
2:33:35 P.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair led the House in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
2:33:36 P.M.The House received a message from the Clerk. Pursuant to the permission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II of the Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Clerk notified the House that she had received the following message from the Secretary of the Senate on February 15, 2019 at 11:26 a.m.: That the Senate agreed to S. Con. Res. 1.
2:34:20 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now adjourn pursuant to section 2(b) of H. Res. 131. The next meeting is scheduled for 9:00 a.m. on February 22, 2019.

House Acitivity 2/15/2019

10:00:10 A.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
10:00:29 A.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Rick Larsen to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
10:00:36 A.M.Today’s prayer was offered by Rev. Gary Studniewski, St. Peter’s Catholic Church, Washington, DC
10:00:37 A.M.SPEAKER’S APPROVAL OF THE JOURNAL – Pursuant to section 2(a) of H. Res. 131, the Journal of the last day’s proceedings was approved.
10:02:15 A.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair led the House in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
10:02:46 A.M.The House received a message from the Senate. The Senate passed S. 483.
10:02:56 A.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now adjourn pursuant to section 2(b) of H. Res. 131. The next meeting is scheduled for 2:30 p.m. on February 19, 2019.

House Activity 2/14/2019

10:00:04 A.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
10:00:39 A.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Scott H. Peters to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
10:01:20 A.M.MORNING-HOUR DEBATE – The House proceeded with Morning-Hour Debate. At the conclusion of Morning-Hour, the House will recess until 12:00 p.m. for the start of legislative business.
10:54:42 A.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for 12:00 P.M. today.
12:00:02 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 14.
12:00:04 P.M.Today’s prayer was offered by Dr. Barry C. Black, Chaplain, United States Senate, Washington, DC.
12:01:57 P.M.SPEAKER’S APPROVAL OF THE JOURNAL – The Chair announced that he had examined the Journal of the last day’s proceedings and had approved it. Mr. Morelle demanded that the question be put on agreeing to the Speaker’s approval of the Journal and by voice vote, the Chair announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Morelle objected to the voice vote based upon the absence of a quorum and the Chair postponed further proceedings on the question of the Speaker’s approval of the Journal until later in the legislative day.
12:02:35 P.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair designated Mrs. Beatty to lead the Members in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
12:02:57 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one minute speeches, which by direction of the Chair would be limited to 15 per side of the aisle.
12:33:53 P.M.Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution – Pursuant to sections 5580 and 5581 of the revised statutes (20 U.S.C. 42-43), and the order of the House of January 3, 2019, the Speaker appointed the following members of the House to the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: Ms. Matsui and Ms. Roybal-Allard.
12:34:17 P.M.United States Group of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly – Pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 1928a, and the order of the House of January 3, 2019, the Speaker appointed the following member of the House to the United States Group of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly: Mr. Vela.
12:34:36 P.M.Board of Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts – Pursuant to section 2(a) of the National Cultural Center Act (20 U.S.C. 76h(a)), amended by Public Law 107-117, and the order of the House of January 3, 2019, the Speaker appointed the following members of the House to the Board of Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts: Mr. Kennedy and Mrs. Beatty.
12:35:04 P.M.Joint Economic Committee – Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 1024(a), and the order of the House of January 3, 2019, the Speaker appointed the following members of the House to the Joint Economic Committee: Mr. Beyer, Mr. Heck, Mr. Trone, Mrs. Beatty and Ms. Frankel.
12:35:21 P.M.United States Holocaust Memorial Council – Pursuant to 36 U.S.C. 2302, and the order of the House of January 3, 2019, the Speaker appointed the following members of the House to the United States Holocaust Memorial Council: Mr. Deutch, Mr. Schneider and Mr. Lewis.
12:35:59 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is subject to the call of the Chair.
6:27:55 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 14.
6:28:10 P.M.The House received a message from the Clerk. Pursuant to the permission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II of the Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Clerk notified the House that she had received the following message from the Secretary of the Senate on February 14, 2019, at 12:50 p.m.: that the Senate passed S. 488
6:28:16 P.M.The House received a message from the Clerk. Pursuant to the permission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II of the Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Clerk notified the House that she had received the following message from the Secretary of the Senate on February 14, 2019, at 4:28 p.m.: that the Senate agreed to the Conference Report to accompany H.J. Res. 31.
6:28:37 P.M.The House received a message from the Clerk. Pursuant to the permission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II of the Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Clerk notified the House that she had received the following message from the Secretary of the Senate on February 14, 2019, at 4:54 p.m.: that the Senate agreed to S. Con. Res. 4
6:29:02 P.M.Mr. Perlmutter filed a report from the Committee on Rules on H. Res. 131.
6:30:20 P.M.
H. Res. 131Considered as privileged matter. H. Res. 131 — “Providing for consideration of the conference report to accompany the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 31) making further continuing appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for fiscal year 2019, and for other purposes, and providing for proceedings during the period from February 15, 2019, through February 22, 2019.”
6:31:32 P.M. H. Res. 131
DEBATE – The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H. Res. 131.
7:28:17 P.M.
H. Res. 131
On ordering the previous question Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 229 – 195 (Roll no. 85).
7:36:55 P.M.
H. Res. 131
On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 230 – 196 (Roll no. 86).
7:36:56 P.M.
H. Res. 131
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
7:37:35 P.M.
H.J. Res. 31
Mrs. Lowey brought up conference report H. Rept. 116-9 for consideration under the provisions of H. Res. 131.
7:39:39 P.M.
H.J. Res. 31
DEBATE – The House proceeded with one hour of debate on the conference report to accompany H.J. Res. 31.
8:36:43 P.M.
H.J. Res. 31
The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
9:01:25 P.M.
H.J. Res. 31
On agreeing to the conference report Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 300 – 128 (Roll no. 87).
9:01:26 P.M.
H.J. Res. 31
Motions to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
9:02:37 P.M.UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was on the Speaker’s approval of the Journal and put the question de novo.
9:03:11 P.M.On approving the Journal Agreed to by voice vote.
9:03:17 P.M.
S. Con. Res. 4
Mrs. Lowey asked unanimous consent to take from the Speaker’s table and consider.
9:03:30 P.M.
S. Con. Res. 4
Considered by unanimous consent. S. Con. Res. 4 — “Providing for a correction in the enrollment of H.J. Res. 31.”
9:03:38 P.M.
S. Con. Res. 4
On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to without objection.
9:03:42 P.M.
S. Con. Res. 4
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
9:05:10 P.M.Mr. Hoyer asked unanimous consent that when the House adjourns today, it adjourn to meet at 10:00 a.m. on February 15. Agreed to without objection.
9:05:22 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.
9:21:13 P.M.Ms. Kuster (NH) moved that the House do now adjourn.
9:21:44 P.M.On motion to adjourn Agreed to by voice vote.
9:21:45 P.M.The House adjourned pursuant to a previous special order. The next meeting is scheduled for 10:00 a.m. on February 15, 2019.

House Activity 2/13/2019

10:00:01 A.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
10:00:09 A.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Adriano Espaillat to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
10:00:28 A.M.MORNING-HOUR DEBATE – The House proceeded with Morning-Hour Debate. At the conclusion of Morning-Hour, the House will recess until 12:00 p.m. for the start of legislative business.
10:49:17 A.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for 12:00 P.M. today.
12:00:52 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 13.
12:00:59 P.M.Today’s prayer was offered by the House Chaplain, Rev. Patrick J. Conroy.
12:02:16 P.M.SPEAKER’S APPROVAL OF THE JOURNAL – The Chair announced that she had examined the Journal of the last day’s proceedings and had approved it. Mr. Delgado demanded that the question be put on agreeing to the Speaker’s approval of the Journal and by voice vote, the Chair announced that the ayes had prevailed. Mr. Delgado demanded the Yeas and Nays and the Chair announced that further proceedings on the question of agreeing to the Speaker’s approval of the Journal would be postponed until later in the legislative day.
12:03:05 P.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair designated Mr. Allen to lead the Members in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
12:03:25 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one minute speeches, which by direction of the Chair, would be limited to 15 per side of the aisle.
12:07:48 P.M.The House received a message from the Clerk. Pursuant to the permission granted in Clause 2(h) of Rule II of the Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Clerk notified the House that she had received the following message from the Secretary of the Senate on February 13, 2019, at 11:40 a.m.: that the Senate passed S. 47 and S. 461
12:08:16 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.
12:10:42 P.M.House Democracy Partnership – Pursuant to H. Res. 6, Sec. 104(a), the Republican Leader appointed the following member of the House to the House Democracy Partnership: Mr. Buchanan.
12:11:03 P.M. H. Res. 122
Considered as privileged matter. H. Res. 122 — “Providing for consideration of the joint resolution (H.J. Res. 37) directing the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress; waiving a requirement of clause 6(a) of rule XIII with respect to consideration of certain resolutions reported from the Committee on Rules; and providing for consideration of motions to suspend the rules.”
12:14:31 P.M. H. Res. 122
DEBATE – The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H. Res. 122.
1:43:48 P.M. H. Res. 122
On ordering the previous question Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 227 – 195 (Roll no. 78).
1:52:06 P.M. H. Res. 122
On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 228 – 193 (Roll no. 79).
1:52:09 P.M.
H. Res. 122
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
1:53:53 P.M.MOMENT OF SILENCE – The Chair led the House in observing a moment of silence in memory of the victims of the tragedy in Parkland, Florida.
1:53:54 P.M.UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was the question on the Speaker’s Approval of the Journal.
2:05:05 P.M.On approving the Journal Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 215 – 199, 1 Present (Roll no. 80).
2:07:09 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 122. H.J. Res. 37 — “Directing the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress.”
2:07:14 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
Rule provides for consideration of H.J. Res. 37 with 1 hour of general debate. Motion to recommit with or without instructions allowed. A specified amendment is in order. The resolution provides through February 17, 2019, for the Speaker to entertain motions that the House suspend the rules.
2:08:09 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union pursuant to H. Res. 122 and Rule XVIII.
2:08:11 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
The Speaker designated the Honorable Stacey E. Plaskett to act as Chairwoman of the Committee.
2:08:24 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
GENERAL DEBATE – The Committee of the Whole proceeded with one hour of general debate on H.J. Res. 37.
3:15:43 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
An amendment, offered by Mr. Buck, numbered 2 printed in House Report 116-8 to ensure that the U.S. may continue intelligence collection, analysis, and sharing operations with other nations.
3:15:56 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
DEBATE – Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 122, the Committee of the Whole proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Buck amendment No. 2
3:57:48 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
On agreeing to the Buck amendment; Agreed to by recorded vote: 252 – 177 (Roll no. 81).
3:58:13 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
The House rose from the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union to report H.J. Res. 37.
3:59:31 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
3:59:53 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
The House adopted the amendment in the nature of a substitute as agreed to by the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
4:00:45 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
Mr. Kustoff (TN) moved to recommit with instructions to the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
4:03:04 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
DEBATE – The House proceeded with 10 minutes of debate on the Kustoff (TN) motion to recommit with instructions. The instructions contained in the motion seek to require the bill to be reported back to the House with an amendment to state that it is in the national security interest of the United States to combat anti-Semitism around the world.
4:08:07 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
The previous question on the motion to recommit with instructions was ordered without objection.
4:18:00 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
On motion to recommit with instructions Agreed to by recorded vote: 424 – 0, 2 Present (Roll no. 82).
4:18:27 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
An amendment, offered by Mr. Engel, Pursuant to the instructions of the House in the Motion to Recommit the amendment was considered.
4:21:10 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
On agreeing to the Engel amendment; Agreed to by voice vote.
4:29:51 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 248 – 177, 1 Present (Roll no. 83).
4:29:53 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:30:53 P.M.MOMENT OF SILENCE – Mr. Price (NC) addressed the House and led a moment of silence in memory of the life and legacy of the Honorable Walter B. Jones.
4:39:45 P.M.UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was on the motion to suspend the rules and pass H.R. 995, as amended, which was debated earlier and on which further proceedings had been postponed.
4:39:59 P.M. H.R. 995
Considered as unfinished business. H.R. 995 — “To amend chapter 3 of title 5, United States Code, to require the publication of settlement agreements, and for other purposes.”
4:55:21 P.M. H.R. 995
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by recorded vote (2/3 required): 418 – 0 (Roll no. 84).
4:55:22 P.M. H.R. 995
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:55:53 P.M.The House received a communication from the Honorable Doris O. Matsui. Ms. Matsui submitted her resignation from the Committee on Rules. The resignation was accepted without objection.
4:56:22 P.M. H. Res. 125
Considered as privileged matter. H. Res. 125 — “Electing Members to certain standing committees of the House of Representatives and ranking Members on a certain standing committee of the House of Representatives.”
4:56:52 P.M. H. Res. 125
On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to without objection.
4:56:55 P.M. H. Res. 125
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:59:03 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.
5:02:39 P.M. H.J. Res. 37
The Clerk was authorized to correct section numbers, punctuation, and cross references, and to make other necessary technical and conforming corrections in the engrossment of H.J. Res. 37.
5:02:52 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.
5:13:34 P.M.SPECIAL ORDER SPEECHES – The House has concluded all anticipated legislative business and has proceeded to Special Order speeches.
7:06:59 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is subject to the call of the Chair.
11:37:00 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 13.
11:37:01 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess for a period of less than 15 minutes.
11:50:00 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 13.
11:51:01 P.M. H.J. Res. 31
Conference report H. Rept. 116-9 filed.
11:52:00 P.M.Mrs. Lowey moved that the House do now adjourn.
11:52:02 P.M.On motion to adjourn Agreed to by voice vote.
11:52:03 P.M.The House adjourned. The next meeting is scheduled for 10:00 a.m. on February 14, 2019.

House Activity 2/12/2019

9:00:04 A.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
9:00:18 A.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Joe Cunningham to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
9:00:38 A.M.Today’s prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Dan C. Cummins, Capitol Worship, Washington, DC.
9:02:41 A.M.The Speaker announced approval of the Journal. Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Journal stands approved.
9:02:45 A.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair led the House in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
9:03:24 A.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now adjourn. The next meeting is scheduled for 10:00 a.m. on February 13, 2019.

House Activity 2/11/2019

12:00:07 P.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
12:00:21 P.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable G. K. Butterfield to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
12:00:42 P.M.MORNING-HOUR DEBATE – The House proceeded with Morning-Hour Debate. At the conclusion of Morning-Hour, the House will recess until 2:00 p.m. for the start of legislative business.
12:04:13 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for 2:00 P.M. today.
2:00:26 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 11.
2:00:29 P.M.Today’s prayer was offered by the House Chaplain, Rev. Patrick J. Conroy.
2:01:49 P.M.The Speaker announced approval of the Journal. Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Journal stands approved.
2:01:52 P.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair led the House in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
2:02:18 P.M.ADJUSTMENT OF WHOLE NUMBER OF THE HOUSE – Under clause 5(d) of rule 20, the Chair announced to the House that, in light of the passing of the gentleman from North Carolina, Mr. Jones, the whole number of the House is 432.
2:02:34 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one minute speeches.
2:02:51 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for approximately 4:00 p.m. today.
4:00:29 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 11.
4:00:38 P.M.The Speaker announced that votes on suspensions, if ordered, will be postponed until a time to be announced.
4:01:01 P.M. H.R. 1063
Ms. Hill (CA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 1063 — “To amend title 44, United States Code, to require information on contributors to Presidential library fundraising organizations, and for other purposes.”
4:01:05 P.M. H.R. 1063
Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:01:06 P.M. H.R. 1063DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 1063.
4:07:20 P.M. H.R. 1063
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
4:07:22 P.M. H.R. 1063
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:07:37 P.M. H.R. 1065
Ms. Hill (CA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill. H.R. 1065 — “To provide for a study on the use of social media in security clearance investigations.”
4:07:46 P.M.
H.R. 1065
Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:07:47 P.M.
H.R. 1065
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 1065.
4:19:39 P.M.
H.R. 1065
At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
4:19:53 P.M.
H.R. 1064
Ms. Hill (CA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 1064 — “To amend title 5, United States Code, to allow whistleblowers to disclose information to certain recipients.”
4:20:08 P.M.
H.R. 1064
Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:20:09 P.M.
H.R. 1064
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 1064.
4:25:20 P.M.
H.R. 1064
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
4:25:22 P.M.
H.R. 1064
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:25:29 P.M.
H.R. 995
Ms. Hill (CA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 995 — “To amend chapter 3 of title 5, United States Code, to require the publication of settlement agreements, and for other purposes.”
4:25:37 P.M.
H.R. 995
Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:25:38 P.M.
H.R. 995
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 995.
4:34:40 P.M.
H.R. 995
At the conclusion of debate, the chair put the question on the motion to suspend the rules. Ms. Hill (CA) objected to the vote on the grounds that a quorum was not present. Further proceedings on the motion were postponed. The point of no quorum was considered as withdrawn.
4:34:46 P.M.
H.R. 1079Ms. Hill (CA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 1079 — “To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance on electronic consent forms, and for other purposes.”
4:35:02 P.M. H.R. 1079
Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:35:03 P.M. H.R. 1079
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 1079.
4:45:31 P.M. H.R. 1079
At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
4:45:52 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for approximately 6:30 P.M. today.
6:29:42 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of February 11.
6:29:43 P.M. H. Res. 121
Considered as privileged matter. H. Res. 121 — “Expressing the profound sorrow of the House of Representatives on the death of the Honorable Walter B. Jones.”
6:30:52 P.M. H. Res. 121
On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to without objection.
6:30:58 P.M. H. Res. 121
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
6:31:30 P.M.UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was on motions to suspend the rules, which were debated earlier and on which further proceedings had been postponed.
6:32:06 P.M. H.R. 1065
Considered as unfinished business. H.R. 1065 — “To provide for a study on the use of social media in security clearance investigations.”
6:58:38 P.M. H.R. 1065
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 377 – 3 (Roll no. 76).
6:58:39 P.M. H.R. 1065
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
6:58:40 P.M. H.R. 1079
Considered as unfinished business. H.R. 1079 — “To require the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance on electronic consent forms, and for other purposes.”
7:06:11 P.M. H.R. 1079
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 379 – 0 (Roll no. 77).
7:06:12 P.M. H.R. 1079
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
7:06:13 P.M.Mr. McGovern filed a report from the Committee on Rules on H. Res. 122.
7:07:58 P.M. H. Res. 120
Mr. Hoyer asked unanimous consent to discharge from committee and consider.
7:08:25 P.M. H. Res. 120
Considered by unanimous consent. H. Res. 120 — “Honoring the life, achievements, and distinguished public service of John David Dingell, Jr., and expressing condolences to his family on his passing.”
7:14:16 P.M. H. Res. 120
On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to without objection.
7:14:20 P.M. H. Res. 120
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
7:16:00 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one further minute speeches.
7:28:37 P.M.Mr. Price (NC) asked unanimous consent that when the House adjourns today, it adjourn to meet at 9:00 a.m. on February 12. Agreed to without objection.

7:29:07 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House resumed with one minute speeches.
7:36:13 P.M.United States Group of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly – Pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 1928a, and the order of the House of January 3, 2019, the Speaker appointed the following members of the House to the United States Group of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly: Ms. Sanchez, Mr. Larsen of Washington, Mrs. Davis of California, Mr. Meeks, Mr. Brendan F. Boyle of Pennsylvania and Mr. Costa.
7:36:52 P.M.SPECIAL ORDER SPEECHES – The House has concluded all anticipated legislative business and has proceeded to Special Order speeches.
8:36:10 P.M.Mr. Soto moved that the House do now adjourn.
8:36:15 P.M.On motion to adjourn Agreed to by voice vote.
8:36:27 P.M.The House adjourned pursuant to H. Res. 121. The next meeting is scheduled for 9:00 a.m. on February 12, 2019.

trump says they aren’t sending their best?


reports are that trump has been hiring the undocumented for decades at least 11 properties and questions abound … did he use e-verify at all?  Now, mainstream media is willing to finally put it into the airwaves ? Now, folks …undocumented folks are being systematically fired for coming forward after being annihilated by the words from their boss … donald and or trumpINC

A Powerful Life: Joe Louis …Lonnie G. Bunch at The NMAAHC in Memory


Lonnie Bunch, museum director, historian, lecturer, and author, is proud to present A Page from Our American Story, a regular on-line series for Museum supporters. It will showcase individuals and events in the African American experience, placing these stories in the context of a larger story — our American story.
A Page From Our American StoryDuring what is often described as boxing’s “Golden Age” — approximately 1930 to 1955 — Joe Louis, the “Brown Bomber,” would become its undisputed king.Not only would Louis dominate his sport during this period, he transcended the color barrier and was cheered by Americans of allraces.Joe Louis Barrow — the grandson of a slave and the great grandson of a slave owner — was born in poverty on May 13, 1914. The Barrow home in Lafayette, Alabama was next to a cotton field. Growing up, Louis and his seven siblings often slept three and four to a bed.The lack of jobs and the violence waged against African Americans by a revived Ku Klux Klan in the South led Louis’ mother, Lily,to take her family and join thousands of blacks in the Great Migration north.Portrait of Joe Louis, Greenwood Lake, N.Y.
September 15, 1941. 
Carl Van Vechten (1880 – 1964).They settled in Detroit, and Joe began learning the craft of cabinet making and taking violin lessons. He was about 11-years-old when a friend introduced him to boxing. As a teenager, Louis gained a reputation as a top-flight amateur fighter. He dropped “Barrow” from his name, hoping to keep his boxing a secret from his mother. But winning 50 of 54 amateur fights – 43 by knockouts — brought headlines on newspaper sports pages in Detroit and around the Midwest. It was impossible to hide his remarkable power, speed, and innate tactical mind — skills that helped Louis become one of the greatest boxers in history.He soon gained the attention of John Roxborough, head of the illegal gambling rackets in the black communities of Detroit. What Roxborough offered Louis was unique to the sport of boxing at the time. Roxborough had watched countless white managers burn out African American fighters before their prime. He promised Louis the best training and opportunities.

Roxborough quickly brought in boxing promoter Julian Black and respected trainer Jack Blackburn to groom Louis for greatness.

Roxborough was true to his word, guiding Louis with care and, in the process, attaining record prize purses — not just for a black boxer, but for boxers of any color. Roxborough was also a keen marketer. The image white America had of African American boxers had been shaped by Jack Johnson. Johnson, though a powerful champion, was viewed as militant and a womanizer, among other things. With “the shadow of Johnson” stalking Louis, Roxborough created a list of “commandments” that Louis would have to follow. These “commandments” included:

  • Never be photographed with a white woman.
  • Never gloat over a fallen opponent.
  • Never engage in fixed fights.
  • Live clean and fight clean.

The public relations strategy worked. Louis’ talent did the rest. As Louis wrote in his autobiography: “Mr. Roxborough was talking about Black Power before it became popular.”

Joe Louis looks for an opening during boxing match
with Max Schmeling. June 20, 1936.
World-Telegram staff photo

 

His first professional bouts of note were victories against Italian giant Primo Carnera, and American Max Baer, both former champions.

The bout with Carnera foreshadowed how Louis’ life and career would become politicized. Carnera was touted by Benito Mussolini as the symbol of his new, fascist Italy. Louis battered Carnera, winning by knockout in the sixth round.

Louis won 27 professional fights in a row — 23 by knockouts — and was on track to fight “Cinderella Man” James Braddock for the title. However, Louis’ surprising loss to German Max Schmeling on June 19, 1936 temporarily delayed a title shot. Schmeling, who was not a Nazi, was hailed by Adolf Hitler as an example of the superiority of the Aryan race.

Eventually, Louis got his title fight against Braddock, knocking him out on June 22, 1937 and winning the heavyweight crown. After the fight, Malcolm X said, “Every Negro boy who could walk wanted to be the next Brown Bomber.”

Now it was time for Schmeling again. By the late 1930s, Hitler had started his attempt to conquer Europe, and the Louis-Schmeling rematch took on even more meaning. It was reported that Hitler called Schmeling just before the fight and ordered him to win for the sake of Nazi Germany. Louis, despite America’s racial divide, was seen as freedom and democracy’s defender. Franklin Roosevelt invited Louis to the White House. There, more than two years before the United States entered the war, Roosevelt felt Louis’ bicep and said, “Joe, we need muscles like these to defeat Germany.”

It wasn’t a fight between two men; it was a battle of ideologies.

On June 22, 1938 — exactly one year after becoming world champion — Louis dispatched Schmeling two minutes into Round One. Instantly Louis became more than just a champion. At a time when boxing was at its zenith and the heavyweight champion was considered the greatest athlete in the world, Louis achieved even more. He became a hero to Americans of every race and background.

Louis would hold the crown for 12 years — longer than any fighter past or present has held a title in any weight class. At his prime, Louis enlisted in the Army in 1942, where he rose to the rank of sergeant. He fought hundreds of exhibition matches to entertain the troops and raise money for the Armed Services. Louis even donated money to military relief funds.

After the war, Louis won four more fights — two against Jersey Joe Walcott — and retired. He had defended his title 25 times, another record, and only three of those bouts went the distance.

World Heavyweight champ
Joseph Louis Barrow (aka Joe Louis)
sews on the stripes of a technical
sergeant — to which he has been promoted.
April 10, 1945.  US Office of War Information.

Almost two years later, Louis had to change his plans. Louis’ lifestyle — his generosity to friends and family was well known — coupled with his boxing schedule had left little time for keeping track of the accounting, including filing his taxes. Ignoring all that Louis had done for his country during the war, the IRS demanded more than $1 million in back taxes. He stepped back into the ring well past his prime and was pummeled by the current champion, Ezzard Charles. Then, in 1951, Louis was knocked out by Rocky Marciano.

Louis retired from the ring again, but he still needed money to pay the IRS. He took odd jobs, including a stint as a professional wrestler. His last job was as the official greeter at Caesar’s Palace in Las Vegas.

After his boxing career was over, Louis would become good friends with Schmeling. Sports writers respected Louis as much for his kind, generous nature as they did for his boxing brilliance. When he died on April 12, 1981, President Ronald Reagan said Louis was “more than a sports legend — his career was an indictment of racial bigotry and a source of pride and inspiration for people around the world.” Honoring the family’s request, Reagan waived the requirements and Sgt. Joe Louis was buried in Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors.

At the height of his popularity, people said Louis was “a credit to his race.” In response, Boxing Hall of Fame sports writer Jimmy Cannon wrote: “Yes, Joe Louis is a credit to his race — the human race.”

Lonnie Bunch, Director

 

politics,pollution,petitions,pop culture & purses