Where Congress Stands On the Posse Comitatus Act


On Oct. 25, 2005, the House of Representatives and Senate enacted a joint resolution (H. CON. RES. 274) clarifying Congress’ stance on the effect of the Posse Comitatus Act on the use of the military on U.S. soil. In part, the resolution states “by its express terms, the Posse Comitatus Act is not a complete barrier to the use of the Armed Forces for a range of domestic purposes, including law enforcement functions, when the use of the Armed Forces is authorized by Act of Congress or the President determines that the use of the Armed Forces is required to fulfill the President’s obligations under the Constitution to respond promptly in time of war, insurrection, or other serious emergency.”

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the senate Nov 13th – CONGRESS – 2018 the house


Wrap Up for November 29, 2018

Wrap Up for November 28, 2018

Wrap Up for November 27, 2018

Wrap Up for November 26, 2018

Wrap Up for November 15, 2018

November 14, 2018 Wrap Up for Wednesday, November 14, 2018
November 13, 2018 Wrap Up for Tuesday, November 13, 2018

 

House Activity November 14. 2018
Last Floor Action:
5:27:52 P.M. -The House adjourned. The next meeting is scheduled for 10:00 a.m. on November 15, 2018.

12:00:03 P.M. The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
12:00:30 P.M. Today’s prayer was offered by Jason Smith, Deputy Parliamentarian, Washington, DC.
12:01:19 P.M. The Speaker announced approval of the Journal. Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Journal stands approved.
12:01:25 P.M. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair designated Ms. Ros-Lehtinen to lead the Members in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
12:01:39 P.M. ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one minute speeches, which by direction of the Chair would be limited to 15 per side of the aisle.
12:12:14 P.M. The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is subject to the call of the Chair.
3:46:47 P.M. The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of November 14.
3:47:06 P.M. H. Res. 1142 Considered as privileged matter. H. Res. 1142 — “Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 6784) to provide for removal of the gray wolf in the contiguous 48 States from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife published under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, and providing for proceedings during the period from November 19, 2018, through November 26, 2018.”
3:48:47 P.M. H. Res. 1142 DEBATE – The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H. Res. 1142.
4:45:03 P.M. H. Res. 1142 The previous question was ordered without objection.
5:09:21 P.M. H. Res. 1142 On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: 201 – 187 (Roll no. 418).
5:09:23 P.M. H. Res. 1142 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
5:09:24 P.M. UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was the question on a motion to suspend the rules on H.R. 6666 on which further proceedings had been postponed.
5:09:25 P.M. H.R. 6666 Considered as unfinished business. H.R. 6666 — “To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to grant to States and local governments easements and rights-of-way over Federal land within Gateway National Recreation Area for construction, operation, and maintenance of projects for control and prevention of flooding and shoreline erosion.”
5:09:47 P.M. H.R. 6666 On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote.
5:09:54 P.M. H.R. 6666 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
5:17:30 P.M. ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.
5:27:30 P.M. Mr. Woodall moved that the House do now adjourn.
5:27:51 P.M. On motion to adjourn Agreed to by voice vote.
5:27:52 P.M. The House adjourned. The next meeting is scheduled for 10:00 a.m. on November 15, 2018.

House Activity 11/13/2018

2:00:02 P.M.The House convened, starting a new legislative day.
2:00:18 P.M.The Speaker designated the Honorable Mike Bost to act as Speaker pro tempore for today.
2:00:38 P.M.Today’s prayer was offered by the House Chaplain, Rev. Patrick J. Conroy.
2:01:53 P.M.The Speaker announced approval of the Journal. Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Journal stands approved.
2:01:59 P.M.PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE – The Chair designated Mr. Poe of TX to lead the Members in reciting the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.
2:02:17 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with one minute speeches.
2:09:56 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for approximately 3:45 P.M. today.
3:46:31 P.M.The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of November 13.
3:48:04 P.M.The Speaker announced that votes on suspensions, if ordered, will be postponed until a time to be announced.
3:48:17 P.M.
H.R. 2740
Mr. Barr moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill. H.R. 2740 — “To posthumously award a Congressional Gold Medal to Rabbi Michoel Ber Weissmandl in recognition of his acts of valor during World War II.”
3:48:36 P.M. H.R. 2740
Considered under suspension of the rules.
3:48:44 P.M. H.R. 2740
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 2740.
3:54:17 P.M. H.R. 2740
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote.
3:54:39 P.M. H.R. 2740
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
3:56:00 P.M. H.R. 4033
Mr. Lamborn moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill. H.R. 4033 — “To reauthorize the National Geologic Mapping Act of 1992.”
3:56:05 P.M. H.R. 4033Considered under suspension of the rules.
3:56:07 P.M. H.R. 4033 DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 4033.
4:04:05 P.M. H.R. 4033On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote.
4:04:07 P.M. H.R. 4033Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:04:11 P.M. H.R. 5787Mr. Lamborn moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 5787 — “To amend the Coastal Barrier Resources Act to give effect to more accurate maps of units of the John H. Chafee Coastal Barrier Resources System that were produced by digital mapping of such units, and for other purposes.”
4:04:46 P.M. H.R. 5787Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:04:47 P.M. H.R. 5787
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 5787.
4:13:48 P.M. H.R. 5787
At the conclusion of debate, the chair put the question on the motion to suspend the rules. Mr. Lamborn objected to the vote on the grounds that a quorum was not present. Further proceedings on the motion were postponed. The point of no quorum was considered as withdrawn.
4:14:46 P.M. H.R. 5636 Mr. Lamborn moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 5636 — “To designate additions to the Flatside Wilderness on the Ouachita National Forest, and for other purposes.”
4:14:54 P.M. H.R. 5636Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:14:55 P.M. H.R. 5636DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 5636.
4:19:30 P.M. H.R. 5636 On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
4:19:32 P.M. H.R. 5636 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:19:56 P.M. H.R. 6064Mr. Lamborn moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill. H.R. 6064 — “To rename the Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge as the Congressman Lester Wolff National Wildlife Refuge.”
4:20:26 P.M. H.R. 6064Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:20:33 P.M. H.R. 6064 DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 6064.

4:24:45 P.M. H.R. 6064At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
4:25:37 P.M. S. 440Mr. Lamborn moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. S. 440 — “To establish a procedure for the conveyance of certain Federal property around the Dickinson Reservoir in the State of North Dakota.”
4:26:01 P.M. S. 440 Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:26:06 P.M. S. 440 DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 440.
4:30:00 P.M. S. 440
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
4:30:15 P.M. S. 440
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:30:19 P.M.
S. 2074Mr. Lamborn moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. S. 2074 — “To establish a procedure for the conveyance of certain Federal property around the Jamestown Reservoir in the State of North Dakota, and for other purposes.”
4:30:55 P.M. S. 2074Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:31:04 P.M. S. 2074DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 2074.
4:32:38 P.M. S. 2074On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
4:32:58 P.M. S. 2074 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:33:00 P.M. H.R. 6146 Mr. Gosar moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 6146 — “To authorize, direct, expedite, and facilitate a land exchange in Yavapai County, Arizona, and for other purposes.”
4:33:29 P.M. H.R. 6146 Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:33:36 P.M. H.R. 6146 DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 6146.
4:35:47 P.M. H.R. 6146 On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
4:36:01 P.M. H.R. 6146 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:36:20 P.M. H.R. 2615 Mr. Gosar moved that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment.
4:36:28 P.M. H.R. 2615 DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on the Senate amendment to H.R. 2615.
4:40:13 P.M. H.R. 2615 At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
4:40:23 P.M. H.R. 5706Mr. Gosar moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill. H.R. 5706 — “To establish the Pearl Harbor National Memorial in the State of Hawai’i and the Honouliuli National Historic Site in the State of Hawai’i, and for other purposes.”
4:40:35 P.M. H.R. 5706 Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:40:36 P.M. H.R. 5706DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 5706.

4:48:25 P.M. H.R. 5706 On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote.
4:48:38 P.M. H.R. 5706Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
4:48:40 P.M. H.R. 6666 Mr. Gosar moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill. H.R. 6666 — “To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to grant to States and local governments easements and rights-of-way over Federal land within Gateway National Recreation Area for construction, operation, and maintenance of projects for control and prevention of flooding and shoreline erosion.”
4:49:07 P.M. H.R. 6666Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:49:19 P.M. H.R. 6666DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 6666.
4:53:14 P.M. H.R. 6666At the conclusion of debate, the chair put the question on the motion to suspend the rules. Mr. Gosar objected to the vote on the grounds that a quorum was not present. Further proceedings on the motion were postponed. The point of no quorum was considered as withdrawn.
4:54:00 P.M. H.R. 6651
Mr. Royce (CA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 6651 — “To extend certain authorities relating to United Sates efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria globally, and for other purposes.”
4:54:19 P.M. H.R. 6651Considered under suspension of the rules.
4:54:24 P.M. H.R. 6651DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 6651.
5:21:45 P.M. H.R. 6651On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
5:22:04 P.M. H.R. 6651Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
5:22:11 P.M. H.R. 6651The title of the measure was amended. Agreed to without objection.
5:22:45 P.M. H. Res. 1055Mr. Royce (CA) moved to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution. H. Res. 1055 — “To affirm strong United States-Liberia ties and support for democratic principles, and call for full implementation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommendations, including the establishment of an Extraordinary Criminal Tribunal for Liberia.”
5:23:14 P.M. H. Res. 1055
Considered under suspension of the rules.
5:23:21 P.M. H. Res. 1055
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H. Res. 1055.
5:36:35 P.M. H. Res. 1055
On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by voice vote.
5:37:20 P.M. H. Res. 1055 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
5:37:23 P.M. H. Res. 1052 Mr. Royce (CA) moved to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution. H. Res. 1052 — “Affirming United States-Australia cooperation on space research, exploration, and utilization.”
5:37:48 P.M. H. Res. 1052
Considered under suspension of the rules.
5:37:53 P.M. H. Res. 1052
DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H. Res. 1052.
5:45:51 P.M. H. Res. 105On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by voice vote.
5:46:10 P.M. H. Res. 1052Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
5:46:14 P.M. H.R. 6018Mr. Royce (CA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended. H.R. 6018 — “To establish an interagency program to assist countries in the Sahel, Maghreb, and adjacent regions of Africa to improve immediate and long-term capabilities to counter terrorist threats, and for other purposes.”
5:46:50 P.M. H.R. 6018Considered under suspension of the rules.
5:46:58 P.M. H.R. 6018DEBATE – The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on H.R. 6018.
5:58:23 P.M. H.R. 6018
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by voice vote.
5:58:30 P.M. H.R. 6018
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
5:58:40 P.M. H.R. 6018
The title of the measure was amended. Agreed to without objection.
5:58:50 P.M.The Speaker announced that the House do now recess. The next meeting is scheduled for approximately 6:30 P.M. today.
6:30:19 P.M.

The House convened, returning from a recess continuing the legislative day of November 13.
6:30:31 P.M.Mr. Newhouse filed a report from the Committee on Rules on H. Res. 1142.
6:31:22 P.M.UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was on motions to suspend the rules, which were debated earlier and on which further proceedings had been postponed.
6:31:54 P.M. H.R. 6064Considered as unfinished business. H.R. 6064 — “To rename the Oyster Bay National Wildlife Refuge as the Congressman Lester Wolff National Wildlife Refuge.”
6:58:50 P.M. H.R. 6064On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 385 – 4, 2 Present (Roll no. 416).
6:58:51 P.M. H.R. 6064Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
7:00:39 P.M.The House received a message from the Clerk. The Clerk transmitted to the House a facsimile copy of a letter received from Mr. Robert Brehm and Mr. Todd Valentine, Co-Executive Directors, New York State Board of Elections, indicating that, at the Special Election held November 6, 2018, the Honorable Joseph D. Morelle was elected Representative to Congress for the 25th Congressional District, State of New York.
7:01:31 P.M.The House received a message from the Clerk. The Clerk transmitted to the House a scanned copy of a letter received from the Honorable Mary Fallin, Governor of Oklahoma, indicating that, at the Special Election held November 6, 2018, the Honorable Kevin Hern was elected Representative to Congress for the 1st Congressional District, State of Oklahoma.
7:02:02 P.M. The House received a message from the Clerk. The Clerk transmitted to the House a facsimile copy of a letter received from Mr. Jonathan Marks, Commissioner, Bureau Commissions, Election and Legislation, Department of State, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, indicating that, at the Special Election held November 6, 2018, the Honorable Mary Gay Scanlon was elected Representative to Congress for the 7th Congressional District, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
7:03:55 P.M.ADMINISTERING THE OATH OF OFFICE – Representative-elects Joseph D. Morelle, Kevin Hern, and Mary Gay Scanlon, presented themselves in the well of the House to take the Oath of Office administered by the Speaker of the House.
7:16:59 P.M.ADJUSTED WHOLE NUMBER OF THE HOUSE – Under clause 5(d) of rule 20, the Chair announced to the House that, in light of the administration of the Oath of Office to the gentleman from New York, the gentleman from Oklahoma, and the gentlewoman from Pennsylvania, the whole number of the House is 431.
7:17:00 P.M.UNFINISHED BUSINESS – The Chair announced that the unfinished business was the motion to suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment on H.R. 2615, which was debated earlier and on which further proceedings had been postponed.
7:26:01 P.M. H.R. 2615 On motion that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 375 – 1 (Roll no. 417).
7:26:03 P.M. H.R. 2615 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
7:27:04 P.M. H.R. 3359 Mr. McCaul asked unanimous consent to take from the Speaker’s Table and agree to the Senate amendment.
7:28:04 P.M. H.R. 3359 On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to without objection.
7:29:04 P.M. H.R. 3359Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
7:30:39 P.M. H. Res. 1138Ms. Foxx asked unanimous consent to discharge from committee and consider.
7:31:09 P.M. H. Res. 1138 Considered by unanimous consent. H. Res. 1138 — “Condemning the anti-Semitic attack on the building housing three congregations, Tree of Life, Dor Hadash, and New Light, honoring the memory of the victims of the attack, and offering condolences to and expressing support for their families, friends, and community.”
7:31:17 P.M. H. Res. 1138 An amendment, offered by Ms. Foxx, to make a technical correction to the resolution.
7:31:26 P.M. H. Res. 1138 On agreeing to the Foxx amendment; Agreed to without objection.
7:31:41 P.M. H. Res. 1138 An amendment, offered by Ms. Foxx, to make technical corrections to the preamble.
7:31:43 P.M. H. Res. 1138 On agreeing to the Foxx amendment; Agreed to without objection.
7:31:50 P.M. H. Res. 1138On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to without objection.
7:31:55 P.M. H. Res. 1138 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
7:32:45 P.M.Ms. Foxx asked unanimous consent that the order of the House of January 8, 2018, regarding Morning-Hour debate not apply on November 14, 2018. Agreed to without objection.
7:32:45 P.M.Ms. Foxx asked unanimous consent that further proceedings on the motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, H.R. 5787, may be postponed through the legislative day of November 16, 2018, as though under clause 8 of rule 20. Agreed to without objection.
7:33:04 P.M.ONE MINUTE SPEECHES – The House proceeded with further one minute speeches.

7:45:27 P.M.Mr. LaMalfa moved that the House do now adjourn.
7:45:37 P.M.On motion to adjourn Agreed to by voice vote.
7:45:38 P.M.The House adjourned pursuant to a previous special order. The next meeting is scheduled for 12:00 p.m. on November 14, 2018.

 

Remove Cardinal Wuerl Now


Petition update
Catholic Laity for Orthodox Bishops and Reform

Winnie Obike
Hyattsville, MD
Nov 13, 2018 —
Dear Supporter,
While I would like to declare victory, I can not do so with full voice. Cardinal Wuerl remains the Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese of Washington and there is no real end in sight to his administration.
Consequently, a new group has formed to appeal for a worthy shepherd in Washington and to seek better communications with U.S. hierarchy and Rome.
We invite you to join us at the press conference on Thursday, November 15, 2:00 pm, at the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC to announce the formation of Catholic Laity for Orthodox Bishops and Reform.

You can join our mailing list by emailing: catholiclaitydc@gmail.com.
See you there!
Winnie Obike

Dear Birth Control: Thank you.


NWLCHands-Circle-180

A message from Mara Gandal-Powers

Help defend birth control from Trump this #ThxBirthControl Day.

Dear Friends,

Every year on #ThxBirthControl day, we’re reminded of how grateful we are to have birth control in our lives, whether we use it ourselves, or it’s our friends, family, and loved ones who rely on it. Because across the country, across income levels and gender identities, people use birth control to decide whether and when to have children, to focus on our careers or educations, to manage medical conditions, and so, so much more.

But this #ThxBirthControl day, we’re more thankful than ever.

Because just last week, the Trump-Pence administration unleashed its latest attack on birth control—waiting until the day after the midterms to unveil a finalized version of the rules it initially introduced last year, hoping no one would notice.

But we noticed.

We are already suing them for the initial rules, because we won’t let rules that would allow virtually any employer or university to deny you birth control coverage, for almost any reason stand. Now we’re prepared to take on the new rules too. The threat these rules pose is devastating.
We know because over the last year we’ve talked to hundreds of people who have told us how important birth control is in their lives and communities. And now we want to hear from you.

This #ThxBirthControl Day, tell us why you’re grateful for birth control to help us fight back against the Trump-Pence administration’s latest attacks.
Sharing your birth control story with us today allows us to tell a fuller picture of the role birth control plays in our lives, and to show how attacks on birth control are attacks on our communities. In short, sharing your story helps us protect birth control, and defend it from attacks like the Trump-Pence administration’s latest rules.

Take Action

This year, we’ve already heard from Mason, a non-binary person in Washington, D.C., who told us that birth control is important for them because it makes them feel more comfortable with their gender identity: “As a trans person, having my menstrual cycle is something that doesn’t align with my gender identity.”
We heard from Rylie, a college student from Indiana, who’s forced to pay for her birth control out-of-pocket because her mom, whose insurance she’s on, works at a religious school that refuses to cover birth control. On having to pay for birth control out-of-pocket, she told us: “It may not seem like much, but I don’t have much income, being a full-time student, and I’m trying to save money to cover the costs of my education as well.”

 
We heard from Allison, a queer woman who wound up in the hospital and almost lost her life — and now uses birth control to avoid another life-threatening trip to the hospital. “For me, birth control is a medical necessity,” she said.
We’ve heard from people across the country — and now we want to hear from you. This #ThxBirthControl day, help us fight back against the Trump-Pence administration by telling us: Why are you thankful for birth control?
Sincerely,
Mara Gandal-Powers
Director of Birth Control Access and Senior Counsel
National Women’s Law Center
We the Resistance is our fight to protect our rights and freedoms and to defend the most vulnerable among us through powerful collective action. Every conversation you have with a loved one about the issues important to you, every call you make to Congress, every rally you attend is a part of that resistance. Join us — sign on to the We The Resistance manifesto.

Tell SMBC — Stop bankrolling human rights abuses and rainforest destruction in Indonesia!


Ran

A year of investigations have revealed human rights abuses, including wrongful arrest and torture by police. With our allies in Indonesia, TuK INDONESIA and WALHI, we’ve just released a new report that exposes devastating human rights abuses tied to notorious logging and palm oil company Korindo.
What’s more, we’ve traced Korindo wood all the way to the construction sites of the new Tokyo 2020 Olympic venues, and followed Korindo’s money to major banks including Japan’s Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC).
Tell SMBC that they must stop financing ANY company implicated in human rights abuses and rainforest destruction.

I am very concerned about your bank’s willingness to finance companies that are destroying rainforests and abusing human rights in Indonesia. As a multinational company, SMBC Group has a responsibility to respect human rights and protect the environment for future generations. SMBC should strengthen its financing policies and explicitly prohibit financing of activities by clients which violate laws or negatively impact rainforests, peatlands, Indigenous and customary rights, or labor rights through their direct operations or supply chains.